Equivalent Pain and Opioid Use Between Transabdominal and Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy.

Introduction: Laparoscopic transabdominal adrenalectomy (LTA) and posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) are safe, effective surgical approaches. A direct comparison of postoperative pain and narcotic use is needed.

Methods: Adults who had laparoscopic adrenalectomy at a tertiary institution from 2015 to 2021 were identified from a surgical database.

Using an App-Based Token Economy to Increase Engagement in Daily Living and Vocational Tasks with Adults with Developmental Disabilities.

The token economy is an evidence-based practice that improves outcomes across populations, settings, and behaviors. Nonetheless, their complex nature frequently leads to ineffective implementation. In addition, little is known about the extent to which token economies are effective for increasing engagement in adults with disabilities.