Psychiatric and functional correlates of stigma associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is the most strongly stigmatized psychiatric diagnosis, with negative stereotypes including assumptions of incompetence and inability to recover. Individuals with cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) have reported stigma experiences, suggesting that CIAS carries stigma in addition to the stigma associated with schizophrenia as a diagnostic label. While research has established that mental illness stigma more generally is linked with poor psychiatric and functional outcomes, no research has explored correlates of CIAS stigma.

Perceived Stigma Toward Cognitive Impairment Among People With Schizophrenia.

Objective: Stigma toward schizophrenia spectrum disorders is pervasive and negatively influences service access and delivery. Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is common, but its association with stigma is unknown. In this study, the authors examined whether individuals with CIAS receiving cognitive remediation treatment report experiencing CIAS-related stigma and sought to establish associations between CIAS-related stigma and recovery-relevant outcomes.

Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings.

Research indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed-method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment.

Training guidelines and competencies for serious mental illness (SMI) psychology.

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) face unique and significant challenges that require evidence-based practices and clinicians who have advanced, comprehensive training to provide them. SMI affects about 5.5% of the U.

Service User Representation in Qualitative Research on Cognitive Health and Related Interventions for Psychosis: A Scoping Review.

Background And Hypothesis: Cognitive health in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis has received substantial empirical attention in recent decades, coinciding with the development and implementation of interventions including cognitive remediation. Subjective experience in psychosis, including qualitative explorations of service user perspectives, has also proliferated; however, there is no available synthesis of service user representation in the psychosis cognitive health literature. This scoping review investigated prevalence and characteristics of qualitative research reporting service user perspectives across the extant research on cognitive health and related interventions in psychosis.

Prosumers' experiences of witnessed discrimination and internalized stigma: A moderated mediation.

Discrimination toward individuals with lived experiences of mental illness is widespread within the field of clinical psychology. Further, there is some presence of clinical psychologists who are both consumers and providers of mental health services, termed prosumers. However, no research has evaluated how witnessing discrimination as part of professional activities may influence prosumers' experiences with internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and stigma resistance.

Community member attitudes and understanding of "serious mental illness": A mixed-method study.

Objective: "Serious mental illness" (SMI) is a priority population within mental health treatment and policy. However, there is no standard operational definition across research, clinical, and policy contexts. The use of the label has also not been evaluated regarding its association with stigma among the general public.

Neurocranial growth in the OIM mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of type I collagen characterized by abnormal bone formation. The OI craniofacial phenotype includes midfacial underdevelopment, as well as neurocranial changes (e.g.

Dental tissue changes in juvenile and adult mice with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a disorder of type I collagen, causes skeletal deformities as well as defects in dental tissues, which lead to increased enamel wear and smaller teeth with shorter roots. Mice with OI exhibit similar microstructural dentin changes, including reduced dentin tubule density and dentin cross-sectional area. However, the effects of these mutations on gross dental morphology and dental tissue volumes have never been characterized in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine (OIM) mouse model.

Morphological variability in the inner ear of mice with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is known to cause hearing loss in ~60% of the affected human population. While OI-related pathologies have been studied in the middle ear, the development of cochlear pathologies is less well understood. In this study, we examine OI-related pathologies of the cochlea in a mouse model of OI to (1) document variation between OI and unaffected mice, and (2) assess the intrusion of the otic capsule onto the cochlea by analyzing differences in duct volumes.

Prosumers' experiences of stigma dimensions within the clinical psychology field.

Lived experiences of mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric diagnoses are common throughout the world. Research demonstrates that clinical psychologists are not exempt from having lived experiences of mental illness, nor experiencing, witnessing and perpetuating stigma. However, no research has examined prosumers' (providers and consumers of mental health services) experiences of witnessing discrimination within the field of clinical psychology.

Policy Definitions for "Serious Mental Illness" Across 56 United States, Districts and Territories.

The construct "serious/severe mental illness," or "SMI," is a priority within mental health initiatives in the United States. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding its operational definition in policy and practice settings. This study involved an evaluation of "SMI" policy definitions across the 50 United States, five territories, and Washington, D.

Reliability of the Term "Serious Mental Illness": A Systematic Review.

Objective: The term "serious mental illness" (SMI) is widely used across research, practice, and policy settings. However, there is no consistent operational definition, and its reliability has not been systematically evaluated. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive qualitative content analysis of "SMI" empirical research, including study and sample characteristics and SMI operational definitions.

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Criminal legal system-involved populations are disproportionally impacted by chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These discrepancies are thought to be due to both health disparities and increased likelihood to engage in health-compromising behaviors. Medical conditions can significantly influence neuropsychological functioning and, in turn, thinking and behavior relevant to clinical forensic decision-making and psychological practice in criminal legal settings.

Understanding weight stigma in eating disorder treatment: Development and initial validation of a treatment-based stigma scale.

Weight stigma is a well-established risk factor for eating disorder pathology, and it is prevalent among healthcare professionals. The current investigation developed and psychometrically validated the Scale for Treatment-based Experiences of Weight Stigma (STEWS) for patient-centered assessment of weight-stigmatizing experiences in eating disorder treatment. Former eating disorder patients ( = 142) with a body-mass-index greater than 25.

Variation in provider attitudes and treatment recommendations for individuals with schizophrenia and additional marginalized identities: A mixed-method study.

This study evaluated correlates of mental health stigma among treatment providers, including whether provider attitudes, conceptualizations, and treatment recommendations regarding serious mental illness (SMI) may differ depending on client demographic characteristics. A total of 246 providers (medical students, psychology trainees, and licensed clinical psychologists) and 98 community members completed an online survey including measures of mental illness stigma and questions regarding a vignette of a person presenting to an emergency department (ER) with primary complaints of pain and a historical schizophrenia diagnosis. The vignette demographics were randomly varied using 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design including race (Black/White), housing status (housed/homeless), and criminal justice history (arrest/no arrest).

Correlates of gun violence by criminal justice-involved adolescents.

Objective: This study presents a prospective evaluation of the contribution of criminogenic factors, psychiatric symptomatology, and neighborhood-level factors to risk for self-reported gun violence by adolescents with criminal justice involvement.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that elevated psychiatric symptom clusters would be associated with increased risk for gun violence after accounting for criminogenic factors and that neighborhood contextual variables would contribute independently to gun violence risk controlling for criminogenic and psychiatric factors.

Method: Data were drawn from the Pathways to Desistance study (Mulvey et al.

Correlates of gun violence by criminal justice-involved adolescents.

Unlabelled: [Retraction notice: A retraction for this article was reported in Vol 43(6) of (see record 2019-75174-001). The following Online First article published on September 9, 2019, is being retracted: Gonzales, L., & McNiel, D.

Parvimico materdei gen. et sp. nov.: A new platyrrhine from the Early Miocene of the Amazon Basin, Peru.

Three field seasons of exploration along the Río Alto Madre de Dios in Peruvian Amazonia have yielded a fauna of micromammals from a new locality AMD-45, at ∼12.8°S. So far we have identified the new primate described here as well as small caviomorph rodents, cenolestoid marsupials, interatheriid notoungulates, xenarthrans, fish, lizards and invertebrates.

A randomized-controlled trial of treatment for self-stigma among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Purpose: A substantial body of research indicates that self-stigma is associated with poorer outcomes related to recovery among people with severe mental illnesses. Narrative Enhancement and Cognitive Therapy (NECT) is a structured, group-based approach which targets the effects of self-stigma. A randomized-controlled trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of NECT.

Intraspecific variation in semicircular canal morphology-A missing element in adaptive scenarios?

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that the amount of intraspecific variation in semicircular canal morphology may, itself, be evidence for varying levels of selection related to locomotor demands. To determine the extent of this phenomenon across taxa, we expand upon previous work by examining intraspecific variation in canal radii and canal orthogonality in a broad sample of strepsirrhine and platyrrhine primates. Patterns of interspecific variation are re-examined in light of intraspecific variation to better understand the resolution at which locomotion can be reconstructed from single individuals.

Association between housing, personal capacity factors and community participation among persons with psychiatric disabilities.

There is a need to understand which housing and personal capacity factors facilitate and hinder maximum community participation among people with psychiatric disabilities. The present study examined housing and personal capacity factors associated with community participation in a large sample of persons with psychiatric disabilities living in the same neighborhoods (defined by specified zip codes). Three hundred and forty-three persons with psychiatric disabilities were recruited from congregate and independent scatter-site housing programs in 3 New York City-area neighborhoods with high concentrations of housing for persons with psychiatric disabilities.

Individual and Neighborhood Predictors of Mental Illness Stigma in New York State.

While studies indicate that stigmatizing attitudes persist in the general public, individual and neighborhood level factors that are associated with increased likelihood of holding stigmatizing attitudes have been seldom studied. This study examined the demographic and neighborhood correlates of stigmatizing attitudes among community members in New York State. Data were drawn from the Pulse of New York State Survey, a random-digit dial survey of 806 New York State residents.

The Role of Neighborhood Factors and Community Stigma in Predicting Community Participation Among Persons With Psychiatric Disabilities.

Objective: This study examined the association between neighborhood characteristics, stigma related to mental illness reported by local community members, and measures of perceived stigma and community participation among individuals with psychiatric disabilities living in independent scattered-site housing or in congregate housing in three neighborhoods in the New York City metropolitan area.

Methods: Neighborhood characteristics were drawn from the 2010 U.S.

Community Protection versus Individual Healing: Two Traditions in Community Mental Health.

This article identifies two major traditions that drive the mandate for a community mental health care system-community protection and individual healing. It discusses the historical antecedents of these two traditions and how these traditions relate to different visions of what the "common good" means. It then discusses how they both operate in the current US-based system, creating inherent conflicts and tensions, and gives specific examples from the personal and professional experiences of the authors.