The utility of a type 2 diabetes polygenic score in addition to clinical variables for prediction of type 2 diabetes incidence in birth, youth and adult cohorts in an Indigenous study population.

Aims/hypothesis: There is limited information on how polygenic scores (PSs), based on variants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of type 2 diabetes, add to clinical variables in predicting type 2 diabetes incidence, particularly in non-European-ancestry populations.

Methods: For participants in a longitudinal study in an Indigenous population from the Southwestern USA with high type 2 diabetes prevalence, we analysed ten constructions of PS using publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Type 2 diabetes incidence was examined in three cohorts of individuals without diabetes at baseline.

Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Communities in the United States.

Purpose Of Review: The present review focuses on the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Indigenous communities in the continental United States (U.S.)-including disease prevention and management-and discusses special considerations in conducting research with Indigenous communities.

Birthweight and early-onset type 2 diabetes in American Indians: differential effects in adolescents and young adults and additive effects of genotype, BMI and maternal diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to estimate the impact of birthweight on early-onset (age <40 years) type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A longitudinal study of American Indians, aged ≥5 years, was conducted from 1965 to 2007. Participants who had a recorded birthweight were followed until they developed diabetes or their last examination before the age of 40 years, whichever came first.