AI-powered fraud and the erosion of online survey integrity: an analysis of 31 fraud detection strategies.

The proliferation of AI-powered bots and sophisticated fraudsters poses a significant threat to the integrity of scientific studies reliant on online surveys across diverse disciplines, including health, social, environmental and political sciences. We found a substantial decline in usable responses from online surveys from 75 to 10% in recent years due to survey fraud. Monetary incentives attract sophisticated fraudsters capable of mimicking genuine open-ended responses and verifying information submitted months prior, showcasing the advanced capabilities of online survey fraud today.

Deep Learning Resolves Myovascular Dynamics in the Failing Human Heart.

The adult mammalian heart harbors minute levels of cycling cardiomyocytes (CMs). Large numbers of images are needed to accurately quantify cycling events using microscopy-based methods. CardioCount is a new deep learning-based pipeline to rigorously score nuclei in microscopic images.

Survival after partial heart transplantation in a piglet model.

Partial heart transplantation (PHT) is a novel surgical approach that involves transplantation of only the part of the heart containing a valve. The rationale for this approach is to deliver growing heart valve implants that reduce the need for future re-operations in children. However, prior to clinical application of this approach, it was important to assess it in a preclinical model.

Surgical Protocol for Partial Heart Transplantation in Growing Piglets.

Partial heart transplantation is a new approach to deliver growing heart valve implants. Partial heart transplants differ from heart transplants because only the part of the heart containing the necessary heart valve is transplanted. This allows partial heart transplants to grow, similar to the valves in heart transplants.

A variety-specific analysis of climate change effects on California winegrapes.

California contains a broad geography over which climate conditions can be suitable for cultivating multiple varieties of winegrapes. However, climate change is projected to make winegrape cultivation more challenging across many of California's winegrowing regions. In order to understand the potential effects of climate change on winegrapes, this study models variety-specific phenology for six winegrape varieties and quantifies the change in phenology and viticulturally-important agroclimate metrics over 12 of California's American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) by the mid-21st century.

Days alive and out of hospital for children born with single-ventricle heart disease.

Background: This study describes the illness burden in the first year of life for children with single-ventricle heart disease, using the metric of days alive and out of hospital to characterize morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This is a retrospective single-centre study of single-ventricle patients born between 2005 and 2021 who had their initial operation performed at our institution. Patient demographics, anatomical details, and hospitalizations were extracted from our institutional single-ventricle database.

Use of microaxial flow pumps in adolescents.

Objectives: The Impella 5.5 has been successfully used in the adult population; however, safety and efficacy data in patients aged less than 18 years are limited.

Methods: Six pediatric patients, aged 13 to 16 years and weighing 45 to 113 kg, underwent axillary artery graft placement and attempted placement of the Impella 5.

Climate change impacts on insect pests for high value specialty crops in California.

California is a global leader in production and supply of walnuts and almonds, and the state is the largest producer of peaches in the U.S. These crops have an important contribution to the California's agricultural economy.

: A Web-Based Precision Medicine Tool for Predicting Variant Pathogenicity in Cardiomyopathy- and Channelopathy-Associated Genes.

Background: With genetic testing advancements, the burden of incidentally identified cardiac disease-associated gene variants is rising. These variants may carry a risk of sudden cardiac death, highlighting the need for accurate diagnostic interpretation. We sought to identify pathogenic hotspots in sudden cardiac death-associated genes using amino acid-level signal-to-noise (S:N) analysis and develop a web-based precision medicine tool, , to improve variant evaluation.

Deletion Is Associated With Sex-dependent Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Mortality: A Translational, Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.

Background: 1p36 deletion syndrome can predispose to pediatric-onset cardiomyopathy. Deletion breakpoints are variable and may delete the transcription factor . Early studies suggest that deletion of may underlie cardiomyopathy in patients with 1p36 deletion; however, the prognostic impact of loss is unknown.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modeling of Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: Congenital heart disease includes a wide variety of structural cardiac defects, the most severe of which are single ventricle defects (SVD). These patients suffer from significant morbidity and mortality; however, our understanding of the developmental etiology of these conditions is limited. Model organisms offer a window into normal and abnormal cardiogenesis yet often fail to recapitulate complex congenital heart defects seen in patients.

Impact of Ventricular Dominance on Long-Term Fontan Outcomes: A 25-year Single-institution Study.

Background: The long-term impact of ventricular dominance on Fontan outcomes is controversial. This study examined this issue in a 25-year cohort.

Methods: Patients undergoing the Fontan operation at a single institution (Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC) from October 1998 to February 2022 were reviewed.

Advancing the scholarship and practice of stakeholder engagement in working landscapes: a co-produced research agenda.

Unlabelled: Participatory approaches to science and decision making, including stakeholder engagement, are increasingly common for managing complex socio-ecological challenges in working landscapes. However, critical questions about stakeholder engagement in this space remain. These include normative, political, and ethical questions concerning who participates, who benefits and loses, what good can be accomplished, and for what, whom, and by who.

Characterization of sedation and anesthesia complications in patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

Background: Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) pathophysiology suggests predisposition to sedation and anesthesia complications.

Goals: Hypotheses: 1) AHC patients experience high rates of sedation-anesthesia complications. 2) ATP1A3 mutation genotype positivity, age, and AHC severity correlate with more severe complications.

One gene, two modes of inheritance, four diseases: A systematic review of the cardiac manifestation of pathogenic variants in JPH2-encoded junctophilin-2.

Rare variants in JPH2 have been associated with a range of cardiac disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD); however, our understanding of how variants in JPH2 correspond to specific modes of inheritance and correlate clinical phenotypes has not been comprehensively explored. In this systematic review, we assess current case reports and series that describe patients with JPH2 variants and cardiac disease. We identified a total of 61 variant-positive individuals, approximately 80% of whom had some form of cardiac disease, including 47% HCM, 18% DCM, and 14% arrhythmia/SCD.

The clinical utility of pediatric cardiomyopathy genetic testing: From diagnosis to a precision medicine-based approach to care.

Background: Pediatric-onset cardiomyopathies are rare yet cause significant morbidity and mortality in affected children. Genetic testing has a major role in the clinical evaluation of pediatric-onset cardiomyopathies, and identification of a variant in an associated gene can be used to confirm the clinical diagnosis and exclude syndromic causes that may warrant different treatment strategies. Further, risk-predictive testing of first-degree relatives can assess who is at-risk of disease and requires continued clinical follow-up.

Impacts of large-scale teleconnection indices on chill accumulation for specialty crops in California.

Although the impacts of teleconnection indices on climate metrics such as precipitation and temperature in California have been widely studied, less attention has been given to the impact on integrated climate indices such as chill accumulation. This study investigates the linkages between large-scale teleconnections and winter chill accumulation for specialty crops in California, which may enable more effective and dynamic adaptation to in-season climate variability. Three large-scale teleconnection indices were selected: Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index to assess their effects on chill accumulation.

Cardiac retinoic acid levels decline in heart failure.

Although low circulating levels of the vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, few studies have addressed whether cardiac retinoid levels are altered in the failing heart. Here, we showed that proteomic analyses of human and guinea pig heart failure (HF) were consistent with a decline in resident cardiac ATRA. Quantitation of the retinoids in ventricular myocardium by mass spectrometry revealed 32% and 39% ATRA decreases in guinea pig HF and in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), respectively, despite ample reserves of cardiac vitamin A.