Community Program Activities Predict Local Tobacco Policy Adoption in Florida Counties.

The Bureau of Tobacco Free Florida's community program funds county-level grantees who promote local policy change through activities that educate the public, policy-makers, and decision-makers. There is robust literature linking tobacco control policies such as smoke-free air laws and tax increases to reductions in tobacco use. There is less evidence documenting the local activities programs conduct to achieve local policy change.

Restricting Retail Hours of Alcohol Sales within an Army Community.

Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption continues to be a significant concern to overall military readiness; each year, it results in non-deployable active duty service members and service members separated from service. In 2009, The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommended limiting the hours of alcohol sales as an evidence-based and effective intervention to reduce alcohol-related harms. In June 2014, partnerships at an Army Installation in the Midwestern United States implemented a policy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and associated alcohol-related harms.

Absence of spatial tuning in the orbitofrontal cortex.

There is limited data in the literature to explicitly support the notion that neurons in OFC are truly action-independent in their coding. We set out to specifically test the hypothesis that OFC value-related neurons in area 13 m of the monkey do not carry information about the action required to obtain that reward--that activity in this area represents reward values in an abstract and action-independent manner. To accomplish that goal we had two monkeys select and execute saccadic eye movements to 81 locations in the visual field for three different kinds of juice rewards.

Reward value-based gain control: divisive normalization in parietal cortex.

The representation of value is a critical component of decision making. Rational choice theory assumes that options are assigned absolute values, independent of the value or existence of other alternatives. However, context-dependent choice behavior in both animals and humans violates this assumption, suggesting that biological decision processes rely on comparative evaluation.