Racial and Ethnic Representation in Food Allergen Immunotherapy Trial Participants: A Systematic Review.

Importance: The lack of inclusion of diverse population samples in food allergy immunotherapy clinical trials not only leads to decreased applicability to the general population in terms of results and treatments but can also be seen as a broader social injustice contributing to inequity within the health care system.

Objectives: To investigate the racial and ethnic distribution of participants included in food allergy immunotherapy clinical trials, and determine whether the racial and ethnic representation in trials accurately reflects the patients who experience food allergy.

Evidence Review: Data were collected from articles found on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.

CT imaging-derived phenotypes for abdominal muscle and their association with age and sex in a medical biobank.

The study of muscle mass as an imaging-derived phenotype (IDP) may yield new insights into determining the normal and pathologic variations in muscle mass in the population. This can be done by determining 3D abdominal muscle mass from 12 distinct abdominal muscle regions and groups using computed tomography (CT) in a racially diverse medical biobank. To develop a fully automatic technique for assessment of CT abdominal muscle IDPs and preliminarily determine abdominal muscle IDP variations with age and sex in a clinically and racially diverse medical biobank.

Food Insecurity and Health Inequities in Food Allergy.

Purpose Of Review: The intersection of food insecurity among those with food allergy is a growing public health concern. Both food allergy and food insecurity have profound implications on health, social, and economic outcomes. The interaction of social determinants of health, poverty, racism, housing insecurity, and access to care has direct impact on individuals with food allergy.

Attendance at, and experiences of, urban hospital outpatient appointments: informing a new model of care for urban-dwelling Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients.

Objectives To compare outpatient attendance rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ('Aboriginal') and non-Aboriginal patients at a large metropolitan health service in Melbourne, Australia, and to describe the barriers and enablers experienced by urban-dwelling Aboriginal patients in attending hospital outpatient appointments. Methods This study used a mixed-method approach. Proportions of referred patients who booked and attended outpatient appointments were extracted from a health service database.

Intraoperative stretching microbreaks reduce surgery-related musculoskeletal pain in otolaryngologists.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role intraoperative otolaryngology stretching microbreak (OSMB) has on musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and discomfort in otolaryngologists.

Background: Otolaryngology procedures subject surgeons to significant amounts of pain and strain over their years of training. MSK pain is a serious concern for otolaryngologists' career longevity as well as their general wellbeing.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a 34-Week Premature Infant with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While SARS-CoV-2 is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, COVID-19 also affects newborn infants in nurseries and the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The majority of infected neonates are believed to acquire SARS-CoV-2 by horizontal transmission, and most of them have asymptomatic or mild symptomatic infections.

A Review of Reported Adverse Events in MRI-Safe and MRI-Conditional Cochlear Implants.

Objectives: This study looks to examine how the development of diametric magnet cochlear implant devices (CIDs) has affected observed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related adverse events and MRI safety measures.

Methods: A search of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was conducted using the product code "MCM" for "Cochlear implants." Reports were included for analysis if they involved MRI in recipients of cochlear implantation.

Sustained Inflation Reduces Pulmonary Blood Flow during Resuscitation with an Intact Cord.

The optimal timing of cord clamping in asphyxia is not known. Our aims were to determine the effect of ventilation (sustained inflation-SI vs. positive pressure ventilation-V) with early (ECC) or delayed cord clamping (DCC) in asphyxiated near-term lambs.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Premature Infant: Vertical Transmission and Antibody Response or Lack Thereof.

With the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, several reports highlight its effects on pregnant women. Based on scant available data, vertical transmission is considered unlikely. We present here a preterm neonate born to a critically ill mother with SARV-CoV-2 with early evidence of infection with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on day 1.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly seen in premature infants who required mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress. While advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival rates of premature infants, limited progress has been made in reducing rates of BPD. Lack of progress may in part be attributed to the limited therapeutic options available for prevention and treatment of BPD.

Nanostructured silicon via metal assisted catalyzed etch (MACE): chemistry fundamentals and pattern engineering.

There are a range of different methods to generate a nanostructured surface on silicon (Si) but the most cost effective and optically interesting is the metal assisted wet chemical etching (MACE) (Koynov et al 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett.

Metal assisted catalyzed etched (MACE) black Si: optics and device physics.

Metal-assisted catalyzed etching (MACE) of silicon (Si) is a controllable, room-temperature wet-chemical technique that uses a thin layer of metal to etch the surface of Si, leaving behind various nano- and micro-scale surface features, including nanowires (NWs), that can be tuned to achieve various useful engineering goals, in particular with respect to Si solar cells. In this review, we introduce the science and technology of MACE from the literature, and provide an in-depth analysis of MACE to enhance Si solar cells, including the outlook for commercial applications of this technology.

The art of 'autonomy': on the use and usefulness of the term in clinical bioethics.

Autonomy is highly regarded in American bioethics. Its prevalence in the literature might lead one to believe that the term's meaning is well established, but, as the article argues, it is unlikely that this is the case. The term autonomy is used to denote a complex of related ideas, and speakers have in mind one or more of these ideas when they employ the term.

Effects of cage density on behavior in young adult mice.

Optimal housing conditions for mice can be achieved by minimizing environmental variables, such as those that may contribute to anxiety-like behavior. This study evaluated the effects of cage size on juvenile mice through assessment of differences in weaning weight, locomotor skills, and anxiety-like behavior. Eighteen pairs of male and pregnant female Swiss-Webster (Cr:SW) mice were housed in 3 different caging scenarios, providing 429, 505, or 729 cm2 of space.