Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Procedural Sedation Training: Consensus Educational Guidelines.

Objectives: Pediatric procedural sedation (PPS) is a core clinical competency of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship training mandated by both the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Pediatrics. Neither of these certifying bodies, however, offers specific guidance with regard to attaining and evaluating proficiency in trainees. Recent publications have revealed inconsistency in educational approaches, attending oversight, PPS service rotation experiences, and evaluation practices among PEM fellowship programs.

Pediatric Emergency Medicine Training in Procedural Sedation: Is It Time for a Standardized Curriculum?

Objectives: Pediatric procedural sedation (PS) has been performed with increasing frequency by pediatric emergency physicians for recent years. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Pediatric Emergency Medicine fellowship core competency requirements do not specify the manner in which fellows should become proficient in pediatric PS. We surveyed the variety of training experience provided during fellowship and whether those surveyed felt that their training was sufficient.

GABAergic and glutamatergic cells in the inferior colliculus dynamically express the GABAR γ subunit during aging.

Age-related hearing loss may result, in part, from declining levels of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) in the aging inferior colliculus (IC). An upregulation of the GABAR γ subunit, which has been shown to increase sensitivity to GABA, occurs in the aging IC. We sought to determine whether the upregulation of the GABAR γ subunit was specific to GABAergic or glutamatergic IC cells.

Volume measurements and fluorescent staining indicate an increase in permeability for organic cation transporter substrates during apoptosis.

Extensive membrane blebbing is one of the earliest observable changes in HeLa cells stimulated with apoptosis inducers. Blebbing caused by actinomycin D or camptothecin, but not by anti-Fas antibody, is accompanied by an almost 10% volume increase as measured by transmission-through-dye microscopy. When the experiment is carried out in DMEM medium, the swelling appears to result from activation of amiloride-sensitive channels.