Immobilization Versus Observation in Children With Toddler's Fractures: A Retrospective Review.

While long leg casts have been historically recommended for immobilization of toddler's fractures, short leg casts are often used by treating physicians. Others question whether any immobilization is necessary because of the internal stability provided by the thickened periosteum of pediatric bones. The purpose of this study is to review the results of toddler's fractures treated with long leg casts, short leg casts, or without immobilization.

Central polydactyly of the foot: surgical management with plantar and dorsal advancement flaps.

Background: Central polydactyly is the least common form of foot polydactyly, and the intercalary location of the duplicated ray makes the surgical exposure, excision, and closure more complex. For these reasons there is little consensus concerning the optimal technique for surgical management.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 22 patients with 27 feet with central polydactyly, treated surgically by the dorsal and plantar advancement flap technique, was performed.