Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake Among US Women Aged 20 to 44 Years.

Importance: Nutritional status before and during pregnancy is important for maternal health and fetal growth and development.

Objective: To describe secular trends in nutrient intake from foods, beverages, and supplements among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a secondary series of cross-sectional analyses of the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Corrigenda for 'Abstracts from NUTRITION 2023' [Current Developments in Nutrition 7S1 (2023)].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.

A novel LC-MS/MS method to characterize the antimicrobial lipid glycerol monolaurate in global human milk.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML), a monoglyceride found in human milk (HM), has antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying GML in HM based on quantification of two distinct isomers, 1-monolaurin and 2-monolaurin. The method validation included assessments of selectivity (no interferences), linearity (r range of 0.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Whole Coffee Cherry Extract and Phosphatidylserine Formulation on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Adults with Self-Perceived Memory Problems.

Introduction: Cognition refers to brain functions including memory, learning, and thought processing and is increasingly important to individuals. However, impairment of cognitive function is a concern among North American adults. Therefore, effective and reliable treatments are needed.

Optimizing Maternal Nutrition: The Importance of a Tailored Approach.

Improving nutritional status during pregnancy is a global interest. Frequently, women either fail to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations. Current strategies to improve maternal nutrition focus on a "one-size-fits-all" approach and fail to consider individual factors that affect the mother's overall nutritional status.

Lipidome Analysis in Brain and Peripheral Plasma Following Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Rodents.

Scope: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an essential component of milk. Bovine MFGM (bMFGM) has been shown to support cognitive development and increase relative concentrations of serum phospholipids. This study investigates bioavailability of bMFGM components after oral administration in two preclinical models to explore whether dietary bMFGM induces parallel changes to plasma and brain lipidomes.

The role of orally ingested milk fat globule membrane on intestinal barrier functions evaluated with a suckling rat pup supplementation model and a human enterocyte model.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), the membrane surrounding secreted fat droplets in milk, contains components involved in a wide range of bioprocesses including cell proliferation and differentiation. The intestine is relatively immature and permeable at birth. Since MFGM is partly resistant to digestion in infancy, we hypothesized that orally ingested MFGM promotes intestinal development by enhancing intestinal barrier functions in early life.

Developing a Reference Database for Typical Body and Organ Growth of the Artificially Reared Pig as a Biomedical Research Model.

The pig is a common model utilized to support substantiation of novel bioactive components in infant formula. However, reference ranges for outcomes to determine safety are unclear. Our objective was to use historical data to objectively define typical body and organ growth metrics of the domesticated pig in research.

In the Age of Viral Pandemic, Can Ingredients Inspired by Human Milk and Infant Nutrition Be Repurposed to Support the Immune System?

In 2020, with the advent of a pandemic touching all aspects of global life, there is a renewed interest in nutrition solutions to support the immune system. Infants are vulnerable to infection and breastfeeding has been demonstrated to provide protection. As such, human milk is a great model for sources of functional nutrition ingredients, which may play direct roles in protection against viral diseases.

Milk fat globule membrane: the role of its various components in infant health and development.

Breastfeeding confers many benefits to the breast-fed infant which are reflected by better short-term and long-term outcomes as compared to formula-fed infants. Many components of breast milk are likely to contribute to these favorable outcomes, and there has recently been focus on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). This fraction is a heterogenous mixture of proteins (many of them glycosylated), phospholipids, sphingolipids, gangliosides, choline, sialic acid and cholesterol which is lacking in infant formula as milk fat (which is also low in these components) is replaced by vegetable oils.

Sources, Production, and Clinical Treatments of Milk Fat Globule Membrane for Infant Nutrition and Well-Being.

Research on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is gaining traction. The interest is two-fold; on the one hand, it is a unique trilayer structure with specific secretory function. On the other hand, it is the basis for ingredients with the presence of phospho- and sphingolipids and glycoproteins, which are being used as food ingredients with valuable functionality, in particular, for use as a supplement in infant nutrition.

Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula.

Background: Neonatal diet has a large influence on child health and might modulate changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites.

Objectives: The aim is to investigate fecal microbiota and metabolites at different ages in infants who were breastfed (BF), received dairy-based milk formula (MF), or received soy-based formula (SF).

Methods: Fecal samples were collected at 3 (n = 16, 12, and 14, respectively), 6 (n = 20, 19, and 15, respectively), 9 (n = 12, 11, and 12, respectively), and 12 mo (n = 14, 14, and 15, respectively) for BF, MF, and SF infants.

Conditional depletion of Fus in oligodendrocytes leads to motor hyperactivity and increased myelin deposition associated with Akt and cholesterol activation.

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a predominantly nuclear multifunctional RNA/DNA-binding protein that regulates multiple aspects of gene expression. FUS mutations are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) in humans. At the molecular level, the mutated FUS protein is reduced in the nucleus but accumulates in cytoplasmic granules.

Cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination impairs recording performance of chronically implanted neural interfaces.

Biological inflammation induced during penetrating cortical injury can disrupt functional neuronal and glial activity within the cortex, resulting in potential recording failure of chronically implanted neural interfaces. Oligodendrocytes provide critical support for neuronal health and function through direct contact with neuronal soma and axons within the cortex. Given their fundamental role to regulate neuronal activity via myelin, coupled with their heightened vulnerability to metabolic brain injury due to high energetic demands, oligodendrocytes are hypothesized as a possible source of biological failure in declining recording performances of intracortical microelectrode devices.

Omics analysis reveals variations among commercial sources of bovine milk fat globule membrane.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a glycosylated, protein-embedded, phospholipid fraction that surrounds triglycerides in milk. Commercial bovine sources have recently come to the market as a novel food ingredient and have been added to various products, including infant formula. Considering that MFGM is a heterogeneous mixture of fat, protein, and carbohydrate, it can be expected that variations among MFGM products exist.

Neonatal Diet Impacts Bioregional Microbiota Composition in Piglets Fed Human Breast Milk or Infant Formula.

Background: Early infant diet influences postnatal gut microbial development, which in turn can modulate the developing immune system.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize diet-specific bioregional microbiota differences in piglets fed either human breast milk (HM) or infant formula.

Methods: Male piglets (White Dutch Landrace Duroc) were raised on HM or cow milk formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and weaned to an ad libitum diet until PND 51.

Effects of milk fat globule membrane and its various components on neurologic development in a postnatal growth restriction rat model.

Background: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a component of breast milk that consists of glycosylated membrane-bound proteins, polar lipids and carbohydrates originating from the mammary gland plasma membrane. A commercially available bovine MFGM added to infant formula has been shown to improve cognitive development in infants at 12 months of age.

Objective: Considering that MFGM is a complex mixture, our aim was to determine which component(s) may be leading to these cognitive outcomes.

The role of milk fat globule membranes in behavior and cognitive function using a suckling rat pup supplementation model.

Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) surround droplets delivering lipids to the breast-fed infant and are enriched with glycoproteins upon exocytosis out of the mammary cell. MFGM is typically removed during processing of cow milk for the manufacture of infant formula. Recent clinical trials have found that formula supplemented with bovine MFGM improved cognition.

Conditional depletion of GSK3b protects oligodendrocytes from apoptosis and lessens demyelination in the acute cuprizone model.

Apoptosis is recognized as the main mechanism of oligodendrocyte loss in Multiple Sclerosis caused either by immune mediated injury (Barnett & Prineas, ) or a direct degenerative process (oligodendrogliapathy; Lucchinetti et al., ). Cuprizone induced demyelination is the result of non-immune mediated apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (OL) and represents a model of oligodendrogliapathy (Simmons, Pierson, Lee, & Goverman, ).