High-Throughput Assay for Predicting Diarrhea Risk Using a 2D Human Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Model.

Gastrointestinal toxicities (GITs) are the most prevalent adverse events (AE) reported in clinical trials, often resulting in dose-limitations that reduce drug efficacy and delay development and treatment optimization. Preclinical animal models do not accurately replicate human GI physiology, leaving few options for early detection of GI side effects prior to human studies. Development of an accurate model that predicts GIT earlier in drug discovery programs would better support successful clinical trial outcomes.

Associations of Adolescent Exposure to Severe Violence with Substance Use From Adolescence into Adulthood: Direct Versus Indirect Exposures.

Background: While previous research has documented the impact of violence on substance use, none has looked longitudinally across the lifespan to measure independent effects of direct and indirect violence exposure.

Objective: To examine independent associations between adolescent experiences of violence and subsequent substance use in adolescence and adulthood in the United States.

Method: Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,288), we examined being shot or stabbed ("experienced"), being threatened with a knife or gun ("threatened"), and seeing someone either shot or stabbed ("witnessed") during adolescence (Wave I) as correlates of substance use in adolescence and adulthood (Wave IV) via logistic regression.

The relationships of childhood trauma and adulthood prescription pain reliever misuse and injection drug use.

Background: We examined associations between childhood trauma and adulthood prescription pain reliever misuse (PPRM) and injection drug use (IDU) in a nationally-representative U.S. sample to further understanding of factors associated with these epidemics.