HIV and urethritis: time required for antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV in semen.

Objectives: To examine the time required to suppress HIV in the genital tract with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in men with urethritis.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Methods: Men with HIV and urethritis not on ART were enrolled at an STI clinic in Malawi and offered to initiate ART.

Compartmentalization, Viral Evolution, and Viral Latency of HIV in the CNS.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection occurs throughout the body and can have dramatic physical effects, such as neurocognitive impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, examining the virus that resides in the CNS is challenging due to its location and can only be done using samples collected either at autopsy, indirectly form the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or through the use of animal models. The unique milieu of the CNS fosters viral compartmentalization as well as evolution of viral sequences, allowing for new cell types, such as macrophages and microglia, to be infected.