The dynamics of proactive and reactive cognitive control processes in the human brain.

In this study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of EEG to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the flexible regulation of cognitive control that unfolds over different timescales. We measured behavioral and neural effects of color-word incongruency, as different groups of participants performed three different versions of color-word Stroop tasks in which the relative timing of the color and word features varied from trial to trial. For this purpose, we used a standard Stroop color identification task with equal congruent-to-incongruent proportions (50%/50%), along with two versions of the "Reverse Stroop" word identification tasks, for which we manipulated the incongruency proportion (50%/50% and 80%/20%).

Population pharmacokinetics of milrinone in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing stage I reconstruction.

We performed a blinded, randomized pharmacokinetic study of milrinone in 16 neonates with hypoplastic left heart undergoing stage I reconstruction to determine the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass and modified ultrafiltration on drug disposition and to define the drug exposure during a continuous IV infusion of drug postoperatively. Neonates received an initial dose of either a 100 or 250 microg/kg of milrinone into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit at the start of rewarming. Postoperatively, milrinone was infused to clinical needs.

Drug utilization in the pediatric intensive care unit: monitoring prescribing trends and establishing prioritization of pharmacotherapeutic evaluation of critically ill children.

The primary objective of this study was to characterize the drug exposure for children hospitalized in the authors' institution's pediatric intensive care unit for the year 2002. Secondary objectives included the examination of drug utilization differences among various age criteria and the suitability of the most prevalent resources for pediatric dosing guidance. Many of the most commonly prescribed agents in the pediatric intensive care unit fall into the broad categories of pain management/sedation and anti-infectives.