Association of USMLE Step 1 Pass/Fail Reporting with Interview and Match Outcomes.

Objective: To investigate interview and match outcomes of medical students who received pass/fail USMLE reporting vs medical students with numeric scoring during the same period.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional survey-based study.

Setting: United States 2023 residency match.

Hearing Loss in Children: Critical Medical Education Delivered as Massive Open Online Course (MOOC).

Purpose: Although early identification of pediatric hearing loss is crucial, a formal online training course has not been freely accessible to a global audience. In response, we created a novel course for health professionals worldwide.

Method: Course development occurred from February 2019 to May 2020.

Risk Factors and Management Outcomes in Pediatric Epistaxis at an Emergency Department.

Background: Most cases of pediatric epistaxis are spontaneous and self-resolve. However, a subset of children may experience significant bleeding and require procedural or medical intervention.

Objective: We aim to identify risk factors associated with moderate and severe epistaxis in the emergency department (ED) and explore management outcomes.

Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Performance on the Otolaryngology Residency In-Service Exam.

Objectives: This study seeks to determine the potential use and reliability of a large language learning model for answering questions in a sub-specialized area of medicine, specifically practice exam questions in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery and assess its current efficacy for surgical trainees and learners.

Study Design And Setting: All available questions from a public, paid-access question bank were manually input through ChatGPT.

Methods: Outputs from ChatGPT were compared against the benchmark of the answers and explanations from the question bank.

Impact of Applicants' Characteristics and Geographic Connections to Residency Programs on Preference Signaling Outcomes in the Match.

Purpose: To assess the impact of applicant and residency program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes in the Match during the first 2 years of implementation across 6 specialties.

Method: Data were obtained from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency survey for applicants applying into otolaryngology during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 application cycles and into dermatology, internal medicine (categorical and preliminary year), general surgery, and urology during the 2021-2022 application cycle. The primary outcome was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent.

Does Geographic Region of Away Rotations Predict Otolaryngology Match Outcomes?

Objective: To assess whether the geographic region where medical students complete an away rotation predicts the same site, region-specific, or overall interview offers and match success in otolaryngology.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: US medical schools.

Evaluating the Impact of the Novel Geographic Preferences Section on Interview Rate and Residency Match Outcomes.

Background: The American Association of Medical Colleges trialed residency application initiatives including geographic preferences and preference signals in 2022.

Objective: To assess the impact of geographic preferences on application outcomes during the 2022 residency match year.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Impact of applicant and program factors on preference signaling outcomes in otolaryngology.

Objectives: To assess the impact of applicant and program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes during the 2021 and 2022 application cycles in otolaryngology.

Methods: The Texas Seeking Transparency in Applications to Residency survey was used for otolaryngology applicants during the 2021 and 2022 match years. The primary outcome of interest was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent.

Cost of the Otolaryngology Residency Application Process: Comparison With Other Specialties and Equity Implications.

Objective: This study aims to assess trends in applicant-reported costs of the otolaryngology residency application process between 2019 and 2021 and evaluate the impact of application costs on number of interview offers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: US allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.

Opportunity for Improved Transparency on Otolaryngology Residency Websites for Prospective Applicants.

Objective: Otolaryngology residency applicants often struggle to gauge their competitiveness at programs due to the lack of information available, resulting in a rising number of applications. We aimed to evaluate otolaryngology websites for information pertaining to prospective applicants.

Study Design: Systematic content analysis.

A Longitudinal Comparison of Telemedicine Versus In-Person Otolaryngology Clinic Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction During COVID-19.

Objectives: Telemedicine was increasingly adopted in otolaryngology as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but how it compares to in-person visits over the longitudinal course of the pandemic has not been characterized. This study compares telemedicine visits to in-person visits on measures of clinical efficiency and patient satisfaction.

Methods: We examined all in-person and telemedicine encounters that occurred during the 13-month period from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021 at a pediatric otolaryngology clinic associated with a large tertiary care children's hospital.

Adoption of Telemedicine for Multidisciplinary Care in Pediatric Otolaryngology.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a period of social isolation that has challenged the ability of providers to uphold in-person patient care. Although commonplace in pediatric otolaryngology, multidisciplinary clinics pose a unique challenge during this time due to increased infection risk from multiple patient-provider interactions. Guidance on the application of telemedicine for multidisciplinary clinics in pediatric otolaryngology is limited.

Otolaryngology Curriculum During Residency Preparation Course Improves Preparedness for Internship.

Objectives/hypothesis: Residency preparation courses (RPCs) have become a widely adopted practice to ease the transition of medical students into residency, but these courses often lack training in skills expected of subspecialty interns. To fill this gap, a simulation-based curriculum in otolaryngology (ORL) was implemented at the University of Michigan Medical School. The curriculum aimed to improve confidence and perceived ability to perform common ORL skills for graduating students prior to internship.

Addressing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Residency Application Process Through a Virtual Subinternship.

Senior medical students are facing an unparalleled experiential gap left by COVID-19 restrictions. Due to a shared commitment to safety, equity, and well-being, away rotations are actively being discouraged or even prohibited. As a result, students transitioning to residency encounter reduced clinical training experiences and decreased access to advising, mentorship, and research opportunities.

Association of Opioid Quantity and Caregiver Education with Pain Control after Pediatric Tonsillectomy.

Objective: To examine whether a service guideline reducing postoperative opioid prescription quantities and caregiver-reported education to use nonopioid analgesics first are associated with caregiver-reported pain control after pediatric tonsillectomy.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study (July 2018-April 2019).

Setting: Pediatric otolaryngology service at a tertiary academic children's hospital.

Optimal Timing of Entry-Level Otolaryngology Simulation.

Objective: Appropriate timing of subspecialty simulation is critical to maximize learner benefit and guide resource utilization. We aimed to determine optimal timing of a simulation-based curriculum designed to teach entry-level procedural skills for otolaryngology residency.

Study Design: Simulation curriculum intervention tested among 3 comparison groups of varying clinical levels.

Association of Perioperative Opioid Prescriptions With Risk of Complications After Tonsillectomy in Children.

Importance: Practice guidelines recommend nonopioid medications in children after tonsillectomy, but to date, studies have not used recent national data to assess perioperative opioid prescribing patterns or the factors associated with these patterns in this population. Closing this knowledge gap may help in assessing whether such prescribing and prescription duration could be safely reduced.

Objective: To assess national perioperative opioid prescribing patterns, clinical and demographic factors associated with these patterns, and association between these patterns and complications in children after tonsillectomy compared with children not using opioids.

Surgical Outcomes for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

This study aimed to compare outcomes of concomitant palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty with pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty alone for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Thirty-one cases were identified for inclusion in the study.

Assessment of Application-Driven Postoperative Care in the Pediatric Tonsillectomy Population: A Survey-Based Pilot Study.

This survey-based pilot study evaluates app-driven postoperative care in the pediatric tonsillectomy population.

Neuroradiographic findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a common genetic disorder with enormous phenotypic heterogeneity.

Early Airway Intervention for Craniofacial Anomalies.

This article reviews the presentation of children with craniofacial anomalies by the most common sites of airway obstruction. Major craniofacial anomalies may be categorized into those with midface hypoplasia, mandible hypoplasia, combined midface and mandible hypoplasia, and midline deformities. Algorithms of airway interventions are provided to guide the initial management of these complex patients.

Outcomes of combined Furlow palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Objective: To compare surgical outcomes between pharyngeal flap, sphincter pharyngoplasty, and combined Furlow palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty in the management of pediatric velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Surgery for pediatric invasive fungal sinonasal disease.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the management and outcomes of children with invasive fungal sinonasal disease treated with radical surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: From 1994 to 2007, 11 pediatric patients were identified with invasive fungal sinonasal disease treated surgically by the same pediatric otolaryngologist.