Inferior Ophthalmic Vein-Dominant Dural Cavernous Fistula Embolization via Combined Orbitotomy and Direct Puncture of Inferior Ophthalmic Vein: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (DCF) typically drain into the superior ophthalmic vein. Predominant involvement of the inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV) is rare, with only 4 documented cases in the literature. Here, the authors describe a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with acute left-sided proptosis, dysmotility, and vision loss and was found to have an IOV-dominant type D dural carotid-cavernous fistulas.

Upper Limit of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Patients with Pseudopapilloedema.

An initial misdiagnosis of papilloedema in a patient with optic nerve head swelling can be anxiety-provoking and may result in unnecessary, invasive, and costly tests. Cirrus high definition, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) may provide a rapid and non-invasive test. We sought to determine an upper limit of average retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with pseudopapilloedema without visible drusen using Cirrus HD-OCT that could be utilised in conjunction with the clinical presentation and physical examination when managing patients with optic nerve head swelling.

Vitreoretinal Findings in Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Background: Although nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is considered a disorder that primarily affects the optic nerve head, optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows peripapillary and foveal subretinal fluid associated with optic disc swelling from NAION. We sought to further evaluate retinal and vitreous changes in patients with NAION.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with NAION at the New England Eye Center between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated using OCT.

Recent advances and future directions on the use of optical coherence tomography in neuro-ophthalmology.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze various layers of the retina. OCT of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) is particularly useful in neuro-ophthalmology for the evaluation of patients with optic neuropathies and retrochiasmal visual pathway disorders. OCT allows for an objective quantification of edema and atrophy of the RNFL and GCIPL, which may be evident before obvious clinical signs and visual dysfunction develop.

Characterization of Charcot-Marie-Tooth optic neuropathy.

Varying degrees of optic neuropathy can be seen in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. To define and characterize the extent of optic neuropathy in patients with CMT2A and CMT1A, two patients from both sub-classifications were evaluated. All patients underwent complete neuro-ophthalmic examinations, and optical coherence (OCT) measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer complex (GCC) were obtained, along with pattern visual evoked potential (VEP) and pattern electroretinogram (ERG) recordings.

Ganglion cell layer complex measurements in compressive optic neuropathy.

Purpose Of Review: Neuroophthalmologists and neurosurgeons are often asked by their patients what their visual prognosis will be after decompression of an optic chiasm lesion. Previous methods have been studied but have not provided consistent guidance. However, a recent algorithm which allows for retinal ganglion cell analysis from optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be more helpful.

IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME CAUSING PROGRESSIVE OPTIC NERVE EDEMA IN CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS.

Purpose: To report an human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient undergoing therapy for cryptococcal meningitis who developed progressive optic disk edema that was steroid responsive.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: One month after commencing antifungal treatment for cryptococcal meningitis, the patient developed bilateral, progressive, recurrent optic disk edema with subretinal fluid that coincided with initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy and recovery of CD4 cell counts.

Ganglion Cell Complex Loss in Chiasmal Compression by Brain Tumors.

Background: Patterns of ganglion cell complex (GCC) loss detected by optical coherence tomography provide an objective measure of optic nerve injury. These patterns aid in early diagnosis and localization of chiasmal lesions.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with chiasmal compression seen between 2010 and 2015 were imaged with the Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography macular cube 512 × 128, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scan protocols and automated (30-2 Humphrey) visual fields (VFs).

Ocular fundus photography of patients with focal neurologic deficits in an emergency department.

Objectives: We evaluated the frequency and predictive value of ocular fundus abnormalities among patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with focal neurologic deficits to determine the utility of these findings in the evaluation of patients with suspected TIA and stroke.

Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, ocular fundus photographs were obtained using a nonmydriatic fundus camera. Demographic, neuroimaging, and ABCD(2) score components were collected.

Intact retinal tissue and retinal pigment epithelium identified within a coloboma by high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report on a posterior segment coloboma manifesting unusual morphology as determined by high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging.

Methods: A 47-year-old woman with bilateral colobomas was evaluated by fundus examination and high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging.

Results: Imaging with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography showed intact retinal pigment epithelium within the posterior segment coloboma.

Comparison of spectral/Fourier domain optical coherence tomography instruments for assessment of normal macular thickness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report normal macular thickness measurements and assess reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements acquired by a time-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Stratus, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA) and three commercially available spectral/Fourier domain OCT instruments (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.; RTVue-100, Optovue, Inc.

Assessment of artifacts and reproducibility across spectral- and time-domain optical coherence tomography devices.

Purpose: To report the frequency of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan artifacts and to compare macular thickness measurements, interscan reproducibility, and interdevice agreeability across 3 spectral-domain (SD) OCT (also known as Fourier domain; Cirrus HD-OCT, RTVue-100, and Topcon 3D-OCT 1000) devices and 1 time-domain (TD) OCT (Stratus OCT) device.

Design: Prospective, noncomparative, noninterventional case series.

Participants: Fifty-two patients seen at the New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center Retina Service, between February and August 2008.

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for cystoid macular edema secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe a patient with cystoid macular edema secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treated successfully with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 66-year-old patient presented with cystoid macular edema in his right eye 10 years after initial presentation with subretinal fluid from central serous chorioretinopathy.

High-speed ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography before and after ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: To evaluate intraretinal anatomy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using high-speed ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (hsUHR-OCT) before and 1 month after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Twelve eyes of 12 patients.

Three-dimensional ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of age-related macular degeneration.

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) enhances the ability to visualize different intra retinal layers. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), pathological changes in individual retinal layers, including photoreceptor inner and outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium, can be detected. OCT using spectral / Fourier domain detection enables high speed, volumetric imaging of the macula, which provides comprehensive three-dimensional tomographic and morphologic information.

Subretinal fluid from anterior ischemic optic neuropathy demonstrated by optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To demonstrate the development of subfoveal fluid associated with optic disc swelling from nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Methods: Optical coherence tomographic studies obtained during a 3-year period (October 1, 2003, to December 30, 2006) from 76 patients who developed ischemic optic neuropathy from 2 institutions were evaluated. The presence or absence, and the distribution, of subretinal fluid was determined.

Nitric oxide-induced homologous recombination in Escherichia coli is promoted by DNA glycosylases.

Nitric oxide (NO*) is involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and many other biological processes. Exposure of cells to NO* leads to DNA damage, including formation of deaminated and oxidized bases. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease-deficient cells are sensitive to NO* toxicity, which indicates that base excision repair (BER) intermediates are being generated.