Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy in biopsy-naïve patients and the risk of overtreatment in prostate cancer: a grading issue.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of applying the 2014 and 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recommendations on grade group distribution and concordance with radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: Overall, 655 biopsy-naïve patients diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeted and systematic biopsies for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score ≥3 lesions were identified from a prospectively maintained database from 2016 and 2022. Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 249 patients, of whom 69 underwent RP.

A Two-Step Diagnostic Approach for NTRK Gene Fusion Detection in Biliary Tract and Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas.

Background: It is of interest to determine the incidence and molecular characteristics of NTRK gene fusions in patients with bilio-pancreatic cancers, because of possible treatment with TRK inhibitors for advanced tumors. The aim of the present study was to apply the guidelines for NTRK testing algorithm to a series of patients with bilio-pancreatic cancers.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry screening was applied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival blocks from surgical resections, biopsies, or cytological samples of biliary tract and pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

Mid-gut exploration: video-capsule endoscopy cannot always determine the insertion route of device-assisted enteroscopy.

Video 1Difficult choice between anterograde versus retrograde motorized spiral enteroscopy based on video-capsule endoscopy findings to target a lesion illustrated in a clinical case.

A Rare Case of a Metastatic Malignant Abrikossoff Tumor.

Abrikossoff tumor, also called granular cell tumor (GCT), is a neoplasm of the soft tissues which is most commonly a solitary, painless, and benign tumor. However, 2% of Abrikossoff tumors can be malignant. We report here the case of a 75-year-old male who presented a local recurrence of Abrikossoff tumor of the left thigh.

Implementation of fetal clinical exome sequencing: Comparing prospective and retrospective cohorts.

Purpose: We compared the diagnostic yield of fetal clinical exome sequencing (fCES) in prospective and retrospective cohorts of pregnancies presenting with anomalies detected using ultrasound. We evaluated factors that led to a higher diagnostic efficiency, such as phenotypic category, clinical characterization, and variant analysis strategy.

Methods: fCES was performed for 303 fetuses (183 ongoing and 120 ended pregnancies, in which chromosomal abnormalities had been excluded) using a trio/duo-based approach and a multistep variant analysis strategy.

Magnets and a self-retractable wire for endoscopic septotomies: from concept to first-in-human use.

Background: A medical device that allows simple and safe performance of an endoscopic septotomy could have several applications in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We have developed such a device by combining two magnets and a self-retractable wire to perform a progressive septotomy by compression of the tissues. We describe here the concept, preclinical studies, and first clinical use of the device for the treatment of symptomatic epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum (EED).

The daily practice reality of PD-L1 (CD274) evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study.

Treatment with pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PDCD-1) monoclonal antibody for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) requires prior immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (also known as CD274 molecule) which is a heterogeneous and complex marker. The present study aimed to investigate how pathological and technical factors (such as tumor location and sampling type, respectively) may affect the PD-L1 evaluation in patients with NSCLC in the daily practice of pathology laboratories. The current study was retrospective, and included 454 patients with NSCLC, for whom PD-L1 expression analysis by IHC was prospectively performed between November 2016 and January 2018.