The Risk of Vocal Fold Atrophy after Serial Corticosteroid Injections of the Vocal Fold.

Objective: The aim of this study was to illustrate the risk of vocal fold atrophy in patients who receive serial subepithelial steroid injections for vocal fold scar.

Methods: This study is a retrospective case report of two patients who underwent a series of weekly subepithelial infusions of 10 mg/mL dexamethasone for benign vocal fold lesion. Shortly after the procedures, both patients developed a weak and breathy voice.

Bacterial Laryngotracheitis and Associated Upper Airway Obstruction: A Case Series.

Background: Iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) continues to be a known complication of indwelling endotracheal tubes (ETTs). It is well established that secondary scar formation caused by inflammation and mucosal injury are the main mechanisms by which stenosis occurs. Additionally, there are reports of bacterial colonization of ETTs and its potential association with tracheal scar formation.

Glottal insufficiency with aspiration risk in dysphagia.

Glottal closure is an important part of the mechanism that protects the airway during the normal swallow. Glottal insufficiency disrupts glottal closure and therefore puts patients at risk of aspiration. Treatment of glottal insufficiency can be classified as surgical or nonsurgical.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy as treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Current techniques for management of primary hyperpara-thyroidism (pHPT) rely on preoperative localization studies in order to perform a direct exploration of the neck. This case series reports the results of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) performed in twenty-two consecutive pHPT patients with suspected parathyroid adenoma.

Methods: All patients with symptomatic pHPT and or aberrant biochemical markers underwent preoperative evaluation including calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels, and a Tc-99 Sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy scan.

Merkel cell carcinoma of the cheek with metastases to the parotid gland: a report of two cases.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare tumor of neuroendocrine origin. It is a highly invasive and aggressive neoplasia, that frequently presents regional and distant metatases. Therefore, there is high mortality associated with it.