The transplantation of the gut microbiome of fat-1 mice protects against colonic mucus layer disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by high fat diet.

High-fat diets alter gut barrier integrity, leading to endotoxemia by impacting epithelial functions and inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory goblet cells. Indeed, ER stress, which is an important contributor to many chronic diseases such as obesity and obesity-related disorders, leads to altered synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. In the present study, we investigated the relative contribution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs)-modified microbiota to alleviating alterations in intestinal mucus layer thickness and preserving gut barrier integrity.

Iron status and root cell morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana as modified by a bacterial ferri-siderophore.

We previously provided evidence for the contribution of pyoverdine to the iron nutrition of Arabidopsis. In the present article, we further analyze the mechanisms and physiology of the adaptations underlying plant iron nutrition through Fe(III)-pyoverdine (Fe(III)-pvd). An integrated approach combining microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) on plant samples was adopted to localize pyoverdine in planta and assess the impact of this siderophore on the plant iron status and root cellular morphology.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of 7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-Hydroxycholesterol on the Peroxisomal Status: Prevention of Peroxisomal Damages and Concept of Pexotherapy.

7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol are most often derived from the autoxidation of cholesterol. Their quantities are often increased in the body fluids and/or diseased organs of patients with age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, and sarcopenia which are frequently associated with a rupture of RedOx homeostasis leading to a high oxidative stress contributing to cell and tissue damages. On murine cells from the central nervous system (158N oligodendrocytes, microglial BV-2 cells, and neuronal N2a cells) as well as on C2C12 murine myoblasts, these two oxysterols can induce a mode of cell death which is associated with qualitative, quantitative, and functional modifications of the peroxisome.

Circulating tumour cells and PD-L1-positive small extracellular vesicles: the liquid biopsy combination for prognostic information in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers. This study investigated whether they predict prognosis, alone or in combination, in heterogenous unbiased non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: Plasma samples of 54 advanced NSCLC patients from a prospective clinical trial.

PD-L1 in circulating exosomes of Merkel cell carcinoma.

Exosomes, as potential circulated biomarkers, have recently become a topic of interest in the field of oncology. Immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 has recently been detected in circulating exosomes from cancer patients. The purpose of this work was to evaluate PD-L1 levels in circulating exosomes (Exo-PD-L1) isolated from patients' plasma suffering from Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

Antioxidant Properties and Cytoprotective Effect of L. Seed Oil against 7β-Hydroxycholesterol-Induced Toxicity in C2C12 Myoblasts: Reduction in Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Dysfunctions and Attenuation of Cell Death.

Aging is characterized by a progressive increase in oxidative stress, which favors lipid peroxidation and the formation of cholesterol oxide derivatives, including 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC). This oxysterol, which is known to trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, could contribute to the aging process and age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia. Identifying molecules or mixtures of molecules preventing the toxicity of 7β-OHC is therefore an important issue.

The Pseudomonas fluorescens Siderophore Pyoverdine Weakens Arabidopsis thaliana Defense in Favor of Growth in Iron-Deficient Conditions.

Pyoverdines are siderophores synthesized by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Under iron-limiting conditions, these high-affinity ferric iron chelators are excreted by bacteria in the soil to acquire iron. Pyoverdines produced by beneficial Pseudomonas spp.

Enhanced selenate accumulation in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 does not trigger a detoxification pathway.

Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 cells grown under sulfate-limited conditions accumulated up to six times more selenate than cells grown in sulfate-rich medium. The products of selenate reduction detected by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis did not define this strain as being a good candidate for bioremediation of selenate-contaminated environments.

Transmission electron microscopic and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic investigation of U repartition and speciation after accumulation in renal cells.

After environmental contamination, U accumulates in the kidneys and in bones, where it causes visible damage. Recent in vitro data prove that the occurrence of citrate increases U bioavailability without changing its speciation. Two hypotheses can explain the role of citrate: it either modifies the U intracellular metabolization pathway, or it acts on the transport of U through cell membrane.

Uranium induces apoptosis and is genotoxic to normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cells.

Uranium (U) is a heavy metal used in the nuclear industry and for military applications. U compounds are toxic. Their toxicity is mediated either by their radioactivity or their chemical properties.

Assessment of isotope exchange methodology to determine the sorption coefficient and isotopically exchangeable concentration of selenium in soils and sediments.

Isotope exchange methodology is invaluable to determine the solution-solid-phase distribution (Kd) and isotopically exchangeable concentration (Evalue) of elements in soils and sediments. This work examined the use of species-specific stable isotope exchange techniques to determine the Kd and E value of selenium (Se), as selenite (SeO3) and selenate (SeO4), in nine soils and sediments varying in concentration and source of Se. High-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was used to quantify the isotope (e.

Citrate does not change uranium chemical speciation in cell culture medium but increases its toxicity and accumulation in NRK-52E cells.

Uranium (U), as a heavy metal, is a strong chemical toxicant, which induces the damage to proximal tubule kidney cells. In order to reproduce U toxicity in vitro and to avoid precipitation, it is necessary to complex it with a strong ligand such as bicarbonate before dilution with cell culture medium. It was recently shown, in vitro on the NRK-52E normal renal tubular epithelial cells, that citrate increased the toxicity of U(VI)-bicarbonate complexes.

Seleno-L-methionine is the predominant organic form of selenium in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 exposed to selenite or selenate.

The accumulated organic form of selenium previously detected by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analyses in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 exposed to selenite or selenate was identified as seleno-l-methionine by coupling high-performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Chemical forms of selenium in the metal-resistant bacterium Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 exposed to selenite and selenate.

Ralstonia metallidurans CH34, a soil bacterium resistant to a variety of metals, is known to reduce selenite to intracellular granules of elemental selenium (Se(0)). We have studied the kinetics of selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)) accumulation and used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to identify the accumulated form of selenate, as well as possible chemical intermediates during the transformation of these two oxyanions. When introduced during the lag phase, the presence of selenite increased the duration of this phase, as previously observed.