Early Enteral Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Complications in Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objectives: To assess the safety of enteral nutrition (EN) in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). To describe nutritional status and the characteristics of the nutritional support in this population.

Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis (2006-2016) including children <18 years on ECMO.

Effect of ventilation rate on recovery after cardiac arrest in a pediatric animal model.

Aims: To assess the impact of two different respiratory rates in hemodynamic, perfusion and ventilation parameters in a pediatric animal model of cardiac arrest (CA).

Methods: An experimental randomized controlled trial was carried out in 50 piglets under asphyxial CA. After ROSC, they were randomized into two groups: 20 and 30 respirations per minute (rpm).

Trends in Transmission of Drug Resistance and Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes in Patients with Acute or Recent HIV-1 Infection in Barcelona in the Last 16 Years (1997-2012).

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and non-B subtypes in patients with acute/recent HIV-1 infection in Barcelona during the period 1997-2012.

Methods: Patients from the "Hospital Clínic Primary HIV-1 Infection Cohort" with a genotyping test performed within 180 days of infection were included. The 2009 WHO List of Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance was used for estimating the prevalence of TDR and phylogenetic analysis for subtype determination.

[Efficacy of initial antiretroviral therapy based on lopinavir/ritonavir plus 2 nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection].

Triple combination regimens consisting of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus 2 nucleoside/nucleotide analogs continue to be a valid option in initial antiretroviral therapy. Other protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir (and in future with cobicistat) have been introduced, as well as other non-nucleoside analogs (rilpivirin) and 3 integrase inhibitors. None of the new regimens have shown superiority over LPV/r or comparisons are lacking.

[Analysis of costs and cost-effectiveness of preferred GESIDA/National AIDS Plan regimens for initial antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infected adult patients in 2013].

Introduction: The GESIDA and National AIDS Plan panel of experts have proposed "preferred regimens" of antiretroviral treatment (ART) as initial therapy in HIV infected patients for 2013. The objective of this study is to evaluate the costs and effectiveness of initiating treatment with these "preferred regimens".

Methods: An economic assessment of costs and effectiveness (cost/effectiveness) was performed using decision tree analysis models.

[Costs and cost-efficacy analysis of the preferred treatments by GESIDA/National Plan for AIDS for the initial antiretroviral therapy in adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in 2012].

Introduction: The GESIDA and National AIDS Plan panel of experts propose «preferred regimens» of antiretroviral treatment (ART) as initial therapy in HIV infected patients for 2012. The objective of this study is to evaluate the costs and the efficiency of initiating treatment with these «preferred regimens».

Methods: Economic assessment of costs and efficiency (cost/efficacy) using decision tree analysis model.

[Clinical management of acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection before starting antiretroviral treatment].

The evaluation of new cases of HIV infection is relatively common in Spain, where several thousands of patients with new infections are diagnosed each year. Eighty per cent of them have a chronic HIV infection at the first clinical evaluation, which is symptomatic (late presenters) in up to 30% of patients. The initial evaluation of HIV infection is not only directed at determining the clinical, virological (plasma HIV RNA viral load, resistance test and viral tropism) and immunological (CD4+ T-cell cell count) situation of the patients, but must also address the study of their co-infections (hepatitis, tuberculosis) and comorbidities (cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and bone) and the risk of HIV transmission.

[Costs and cost effectiveness analysis of preferred GESIDA regimens for initial antiretroviral therapy].

Introduction: GESIDA (AIDS Study Group) and the National AIDS Plan panel of experts propose "preferred regimens" of antiretroviral treatment (ART) as initial therapy in HIV infected patients. These preferred regimens are based on the results of clinical trials, and on the opinions of the experts of the panel. The objective of this study is to evaluate the costs and the cost effectiveness of initiating treatment following these guidelines.

Ex vivo production of autologous whole inactivated HIV-1 for clinical use in therapeutic vaccines.

This study provides a detailed description and characterization of the preparation of individualized lots of autologous heat inactivated HIV-1 virions used as immunogen in a clinical trial designed to test an autologous dendritic-cell-based therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine (Clinical Trial DCV-2, NCT00402142). For each participant, ex vivo isolation and expansion of primary virus were performed by co-culturing CD4-enriched PBMCs from the HIV-1-infected patient with PBMC from HIV-seronegative unrelated healthy volunteer donors. The viral supernatants were heat-inactivated and concentrated to obtain 1 mL of autologous immunogen, which was used to load autologous dendritic cells of each patient.

Evaluation of the Roche COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 test for quantifying HIV-1 RNA in infected cells and lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is the main reservoir of HIV-1 in infected individuals. In this study the COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 test was evaluated for use with the High Pure System (HPS), for quantifying HIV-1 RNA in infected cells and lymphoid tissue specimens. Serial dilutions of 8E5-LAV1 infected T-cells into SUP-T1 cells and 44 tonsil specimens were examined.

A new multidisciplinary home care telemedicine system to monitor stable chronic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a randomized study.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has changed the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developed countries, where it has become a chronic disease. This clinical scenario requires a new approach to simplify follow-up appointments and facilitate access to healthcare professionals.

Methodology: We developed a new internet-based home care model covering the entire management of chronic HIV-infected patients.

[Secondary effects associated with raltegravir].

Integrase inhibitors are a new therapeutic modality against HIV. Raltegravir is the first integrase inhibitor to have been approved by the health authorities for human use. This drug acts by inhibiting the HIV enzyme that catalyzes integration of the virus inside the genome of the host cell.

[Efficacy of atazanavir in simplification regimens].

Atazanavir is a new azapeptide protease inhibitor with a remarkable pharmacokinetic profile, which means it can be administered in only two capsules once per day in combination with other antiretrovirals. Its strong antiviral efficacy is also accompanied by an excellent tolerance profile and no significant increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The immunological and virological response obtained with atazanavir or atazanavir/ritonavir, in naive patients as well as in patients with previous virological failure with other protease inhibitors, is excellent.