Prophylactic cancer vaccines: development and challenges for HBV and HPV vaccines in Latin America.

Vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) are two safe and highly effective vaccines that were developed at the end of the 20th century and can prevent human cancer. HBV vaccine prevents liver cancer, and HPV prevents cervical and other HPV-related cancers. Starting with the immunogen identification, 15 years were necessary to reach the industrial production of HBV vaccine, and 20 years, for the HPV vaccines.

Rapid diagnostic tests and ELISA for diagnosing chronic Chagas disease: Systematic revision and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic validity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) among individuals with suspected chronic Chagas Disease (CD).

Methodology: A search was made for studies with ELISA and RDT assays validity estimates as eligibility criteria, published between 2010 and 2020 on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. This way, we extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias and applicability of the studies using the QUADAS-2 tool.