Juvenile Facial Growth and Mimicry: A Preliminary 3D Study.

Studies focused on facial development during childhood have been conducted by means of 3D technology to provide modifications of anthropometric parameters. Facial mobility was also considered. This study proposed a 3D approach to facial growth changes.

The effect of closed septorhinoplasty on nasal functions and on external and internal nasal valves: A prospective study.

Background: Because nasal function and shape are so closely intertwined, quantitative assessments can better define their relationship and how they are affected by septorhinoplasty.

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to perform an analysis of the nasal airflow resistances and a three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the soft-tissue changes after closed septorhinoplasty.

Methods: Before surgery (T0) and 6 months after closed septorhinoplasty (T1), 30 patients underwent symptoms evaluation by means of the Italian version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale, endoscopic fiberoptic nasal examination, and visual analog scale for subjective assessment of nasal obstruction.

Facial Mobility after Maxilla-Mandibular Advancement in Patients with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Three-Dimensional Study.

The functional results of surgery in terms of facial mobility are key elements in the treatment of patients. Little is actually known about changes in facial mobility following surgical treatment with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). The three-dimensional (3D) methods study of basic facial movements in typical OSAS patients treated with MMA was the topic of the present research.

Soft, hard-tissues and pharyngeal airway volume changes following maxillomandibular transverse osteodistraction: Computed tomography and three-dimensional laser scanner evaluation.

Introduction: Maxillomandibular transverse osteodistraction (MMTOD) is an alternative approach to the traditional treatment for transverse maxillary and mandibular deficiencies and crowding. The aim was to report soft and hard-tissues changes and airway volume variation.

Methods: In this study, skeletally mature, non-syndromic patients with transverse maxillary and mandibular hypoplasia, who underwent a MMTOD between 2010 and 2012, were included.

Doctor can I buy a new kidney? I've heard it isn't forbidden: what is the role of the nephrologist when dealing with a patient who wants to buy a kidney?

Organ trafficking is officially banned in several countries and by the main Nephrology Societies. However, this practice is widespread and is allowed or tolerated in many countries, hence, in the absence of a universal law, the caregiver may be asked for advice, placing him/her in a difficult balance between legal aspects, moral principles and ethical judgments.In spite of the Istanbul declaration, which is a widely shared position statement against organ trafficking, the controversy on mercenary organ donation is still open and some experts argue against taking a negative stance.

Unilateral mandibular hypoplasia in adult patients: distraction osteogenesis and conventional osteotomies in a standardized sequence.

Introduction: This study analyzed the outcomes of nongrowing patients with unilateral mandibular hypoplasia treated according to a specific protocol, which combines distraction osteogenesis, orthodontic treatment, and conventional osteotomies.

Materials And Methods: The patients treated were objectively evaluated. Patient's satisfaction was assessed by questionnaire.

Three-dimensional laser scanner evaluation of facial soft tissue changes after LeFort I advancement and rhinoplasty surgery: patients with cleft lip and palate vs patients with nonclefted maxillary retrognathic dysplasia (control group).

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in facial soft tissue changes, despite the same extent of upper jaw forward movement, between patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (uCLP) and those without, after LeFort I osteotomy and secondary rhinoplasty.

Study Design: Twelve patients with maxillary retrognathic dysplasia and nose deformity were divided in 2 groups, A (uCLP) and B (control), and compared on the basis of the same maxillary advancement. Cephalometry and 3D mean facial model of groups A and B were obtained before and after surgery.

Quantification of facial movements by optical instruments: surface laser scanning and optoelectronic three-dimensional motion analyzer.

The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of displacements of tracing landmarks in standardized facial movements. Forty healthy persons were evaluated in 2 different groups (20 men and 20 women, aged 18-30 years) with optoelectronic motion analyzer and surface laser scanning. The displacements of tracing landmarks in brow lift and smile were calculated, and the 2 methods (optoelectronic motion analyzer and surface laser scanning) were compared in healthy persons.

Soft tissue changes after maxillo-mandibular advancement in OSAS patients: a three-dimensional study.

Introduction: Maxillo-mandibular advancement (MMA) is the most successful surgical treatment for OSAS. This study prospectively evaluated soft tissue changes in typical OSAS patient before and after MMA.

Material And Methods: Ten patients with severe OSAS, who underwent MMA, were considered.

Soft tissue changes after orthodontic surgical correction of jaws asymmetry evaluated by three-dimensional surface laser scanner.

Aesthetic improvement is an essential goal of treatment of facial asymmetry, and it is often difficult to achieve. Reliable three-dimensional measurements are required to support outcome studies. In this study, 15 white adult subjects, 9 females and 6 males, with maxillomandibular asymmetry and malocclusion were studied.

Facial mobility after bimaxillary surgery in class III patients: a three-dimensional study.

Quantifying soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery is increasingly important in surgical planning, but little is actually known about the changes in facial mobility after surgery. In the current study, we investigated facial mimics in patients before and after orthognathic surgery. Eleven patients with jaw discrepancy requiring maxillary and/or mandibular surgery were considered.

Quantification of facial movements by surface laser scanning.

Quantification of facial mimic ability represents a need for comparative investigation in facial medicine and surgery. The aim of the current study was to develop a simple, noninvasive, repeatable three-dimensional method for measuring facial mobility in clinical and research setup. The faces of 20 healthy adult subjects (10 men and 10 women) and 12 primary school children (6 boys and 6 girls), without craniofacial pathologic injuries or previous treatments, were captured by a Cyberware 3030RGB laser scanner (Cyberware, Inc, Monterey, CA) in rest position and during voluntary movements.

History of facial reconstruction.

We briefly describe the history of facial reconstruction in the deceased, starting from the skull. Facial reconstruction has passed through many phases and has been variously motivated, from religion and ancestor worship, through anthropology, to the identification of lost persons for forensic purposes. Renaissance artists used this technique for modelling and teaching.

Growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivity in human oral mucosa in dentate subjects, in edentulous patients and after implant-anchored rehabilitation.

Objectives: This study investigates expression of the neural growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the oral mucosa of (A) normal dentate subjects, (B) edentulous patients rehabilitated with conventional denture and (C) those rehabilitated with mandibular implant-retained overdentures (MIR-OVD), in the long term. This study evaluates morphological changes in the distribution and representation of sensory terminations and corpuscles in the alveolar mucosa under the action of different masticatory or prosthetic loads, in the three clinical groups.

Material And Methods: GAP-43 immunoreactivity (-ir) was compared with the distribution of nerves fibres in the mucosa, as visualised using anti-protein gene product 9.

Distribution of GAP-43 nerve fibers in the skin of the adult human hand.

Skin is an important region of somatic sensory input, and is one of the most innervated areas of the human body. In this study, we investigated in human hand skin the distribution of nervous structures immunoreactive for the growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and the protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.