Radiation-associated sarcoma after breast cancer in a nationwide population: Increasing risk of angiosarcoma.

Radiation-associated sarcoma (RAS) is a rare complication of radiation therapy (RT) to breast cancer (BC). This study explored RAS after RT to BC in a nationwide population-based material. The Finnish Cancer Registry was queried for patients with BC treated during 1953-2014 who were later diagnosed with a secondary sarcoma in 1953-2014.

Radiotherapy in desmoid tumors : Treatment response, local control, and analysis of local failures.

Background: Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) are rare soft tissue tumors which frequently recur after surgery. Desmoid tumors arise from musculoaponeurotic tissue in the extremities, head and neck, abdominal wall, or intra-abdominally. Our aim was to examine the outcome of radiotherapy of desmoid tumors in a single institution series.

Adaptive radiotherapy strategies for pelvic tumors - a systematic review of clinical implementations.

Unlabelled: Introdution: Variation in shape, position and treatment response of both tumor and organs at risk are major challenges for accurate dose delivery in radiotherapy. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has been proposed to customize the treatment to these motion/response patterns of the individual patients, but increases workload and thereby challenges clinical implementation. This paper reviews strategies and workflows for clinical and in silico implemented ART for prostate, bladder, gynecological (gyne) and ano-rectal cancers.

A comparison between two clinically applied plan library strategies in adaptive radiotherapy of bladder cancer.

Background And Purpose: The predominant approach to clinically applied adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for bladder cancer is daily selection of treatment plans from a plan library. In this study we have compared two clinical strategies for creating multiple planning target volumes (PTV) for ART of bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: Online ART delivering 60 Gy in 30 fractions to the whole bladder was simulated for ten patients using two methods of creating plan libraries.

Toward a more patient-specific model of post-radiotherapy saliva secretion for head and neck cancer patients.

Background: Reduction of saliva secretion is a common side effect following radiotherapy (RT) for cancer of the head and neck region. The aim of this study is to predict the post-RT salivary function for individual patients prior to treatment and to recognise possible differences in individual radiosensitivity.

Material And Methods: A predictive model for post-RT salivary function was validated for 64 head and neck cancer patients.

Influence of MRI-based bone outline definition errors on external radiotherapy dose calculation accuracy in heterogeneous pseudo-CT images of prostate cancer patients.

Background: This work evaluates influences of susceptibility-induced bone outline shift and perturbations, and bone segmentation errors on external radiotherapy dose calculation accuracy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based pseudo-computed tomography (CT) images of the male pelvis.

Material And Methods: T₁/T₂*-weighted fast gradient echo, T₁-weighted spin echo and T₂-weighted fast spin echo images were used in bone detection investigation. Bone edge location and bone diameter in MRI were evaluated by comparing those in the images with actual physical measurements of fresh deer bones positioned in a gelatine phantom.

Marginal miss or radioresistance? The pattern of local recurrence after operation and 3D planned radiation treatment in soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and the limb girdles; an analysis based on image fusion.

Background: Most local recurrences have developed in the clinical target volume in previously published series after combined modality treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. However, marginal misses were seen in almost 20% of the patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the location of the recurrence and the total dose at the centre point of the local recurrence for future radiation therapy planning.

Implementation of adaptive radiation therapy for urinary bladder carcinoma: imaging, planning and image guidance.

Background: Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) for urinary bladder cancer has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional RT with potential to minimize radiation-induced toxicity to healthy tissues. In this work we have studied bladder volume variations and their effect on healthy bladder dose sparing and intrafractional margins, in order to refine our ART strategy.

Material And Methods: An online ART treatment strategy was followed for five patients with urinary bladder cancer with the tumors demarcated using Lipiodol(®).

Absorbed doses behind bones with MR image-based dose calculations for radiotherapy treatment planning.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance (MR) images are used increasingly in external radiotherapy target delineation because of their superior soft tissue contrast compared to computed tomography (CT) images. Nevertheless, radiotherapy treatment planning has traditionally been based on the use of CT images, due to the restrictive features of MR images such as lack of electron density information. This research aimed to measure absorbed radiation doses in material behind different bone parts, and to evaluate dose calculation errors in two pseudo-CT images; first, by assuming a single electron density value for the bones, and second, by converting the electron density values inside bones from T(1)∕T(2)∗-weighted MR image intensity values.

Adaptive radiotherapy in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer--an effective method to reduce the irradiated bowel volume.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the benefits of adaptive radiotherapy for bladder cancer in decreasing irradiation of small bowel.

Material And Methods: Five patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer received adaptive radiotherapy to a total dose of 55.8-65 Gy with daily cone-beam computed tomography scanning.