Topical citicoline and vitamin B12 versus placebo in the treatment of diabetes-related corneal nerve damage: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.

Background: To evaluate the effects of topical citicoline and vitamin B12 (Cit-B12: OMK2, Omikron Italia srl, Italy) on corneal innervation of patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study included 30 patients randomised with a 2:1 ratio to Cit-B12 or placebo 3 times daily for 18 months. At baseline and at months 4, 8, 12, 18 patients underwent the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI), tear break-up time, evaluation of corneal and conjunctival staining, Schirmer I test, Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry, and confocal biomicroscopy of corneal sub-basal plexus (SBP).

Direct Versus Indirect Corneal Neurotization for the Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Multicenter Prospective Comparative Study.

Purpose: To analyze the comparative safety and efficacy of two techniques of corneal neurotization (CN) (direct corneal neurotization [DCN] vs indirect corneal neurotization [ICN]) for the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).

Design: Multicenter interventional prospective comparative case series.

Methods: This study took place at ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, Milan; S.

Can Treatment With Citicoline Eyedrops Reduce Progression in Glaucoma? The Results of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

Precis: Citicoline eyedrops in patients with progressing glaucoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to test whether the additional therapy with citicoline eyedrops to intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment could slow glaucoma progression in patients with worsening of damage and IOP 18 mm Hg or less.

Design: This was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter 3-year study.

Tear Film Osmolarity, Ocular Surface Disease and Glaucoma: A Review.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, affecting more than 60 million people globally. In order to reduce the progression of the disease, both medical and surgical treatments are used. Frequent side effects of both treatments include a range of modifications of the ocular surface grouped as the Ocular Surface Disease (OSD), which include Dry Eye Disease (DED).

Influence of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure differences between an air-puff tonometer and the Goldmann applanation tonometer.

Purpose: To estimate the influence of corneal properties on intraocular pressure (IOP) differences between an air-puff tonometer (NT530P; Nidek) and the Goldmann applanation tonometer (Haag-Streit).

Patients And Methods: The influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry, and Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert) measurements of corneal viscoelasticity [corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF)] on IOP differences between tonometers was evaluated.

Results: The CRF was calculated to be the best predictor of the differences in IOP readings between tonometers (r2=0.

Ocular surface damage by ophthalmic compounds.

Purpose Of Review: To describe the changes of the ocular surface following chronic use of eye drop therapies. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for specific signs and symptoms are described and discussed.

Recent Findings: Topical treatments for ocular diseases may trigger an inflammatory response in predisposed patients, with local activation of immune cells and ocular surface damage.

Repeatability of intra-ocular pressure and central corneal thickness measurements provided by a non-contact method of tonometry and pachymetry.

Background: To examine the repeatability of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements provided by the Tono-Pachymeter NT530P (Nidek, Japan), and to assess agreement of the device with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and ultrasound pachymetry (UP).

Methods: Sixty-two normal eyes of 62 subjects were included in the study. Three sessions of measurements, each consisting of three sets of measurements, were completed with each device.

Levels of plasma homocysteine in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Background: To examine levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy control subjects.

Methods: This study included 36 patients with PEXG, 40 with POAG, and 40 age-matched healthy subjects. Fasting plasma Hcy concentrations and levels of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid were measured using competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay; values exceeding 14 μm/l were considered elevated.