Diversity of Circulating Ribotypes in Mexico and Susceptibility to Fidaxomicin, Vancomycin, and Metronidazole.

In this study, we report the results of the epidemiological analysis of ribotypes (RTs) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Most isolates were RT027, representing 73% (84/115) of isolates. No isolates with reduced susceptibility to fidaxomicin were found; however, 38 (33.

Clinical characteristics associated with the severity of Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection in a tertiary teaching hospital from Mexico.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea worldwide. In this study, risk factors associated with the development of severe-complicated and recurrent outcomes in CDI patients in different age groups, including the non-elderly, were assessed in a third-level hospital.

Methods: CDI cases were detected by clinical data and polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR).

In-House Validation of a Rinse-Membrane Filtration Method for Processing Fresh Produce Samples for Downstream Cultural Detection of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria.

More efficient sampling and detection methods of pathogens on fresh produce are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare a novel rinse-membrane filtration method (RMFM) to a more traditional sponge rubbing or stomaching method in processing jalapeño peppers and cantaloupe samples for detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. For jalapeño peppers inoculated with 106, 104, and 102 CFU of each pathogen and cantaloupes inoculated at 106 and 104 CFU, all pathogens were detected in all (100%) samples by RMFM at a 10-mL filtration volume, as well as by the stomacher and sponge rubbing methods.

Comparison of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the Vitek 2 System for Routine Identification of Clinically Relevant Bacteria and Yeast.

Objective: In this study, we compared the observed agreement and correlation of the Vitek 2 system with the biomarker-based MALDI-TOF MS identification results of bacteria and yeast on a routine basis.

Methods: Clinical isolates collected from two years were included. Isolates were identified using the Vitek 2 system and MALDI-TOF MS.

Virulence Factors of () Linked to Recurrent Infections.

From 20 to 30% of () infection (CDI), patients might develop recurrence of the infection (RCDI) and, after the first recurrence, the risk of further episodes increases up to 60%. Several bacterial virulence factors have been associated with RCDI, including the elevated production of toxins A and B, the presence of a binary toxin CDT, and mutations in the negative regulator of toxin expression, . Additional factors have shown to regulate toxin production and virulence in in RCDI, including the accessory-gene regulator , which acts as a positive switch for toxin transcription.

High sporulation and overexpression of virulence factors in biofilms and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid in recurrent Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection isolates.

Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea associated with medical care worldwide, and up to 60% of patients with CDI can develop a recurrent infection (R-CDI). A multi-species microbiota biofilm model of C. difficile was designed to evaluate the differences in the production of biofilms, sporulation, susceptibility to drugs, expression of sporulating (sigH, spo0A), quorum sensing (agrD1, and luxS), and adhesion-associated (slpA and cwp84) pathway genes between selected C.

Circulation of Highly Drug-Resistant Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 027 and 001 in Two Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Mexico.

Objective: To assess drug susceptibility and characterize Clostridium difficile ribotypes in isolates from two tertiary-care hospitals in Mexico.

Methods: Isolates were evaluated for genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of mutations associated with drug resistance. PCR ribotyping was performed using a combination of gel-based and capillary electrophoresis-based approaches.