Outcomes of antenatal depression in women and the new-born: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine what effect maternal antenatal depression has on pregnancy and infant outcomes in the Lleida health region.

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study in pregnant women between 2012 and 2018 in the Lleida health region. Variables included age, body mass index, caesarean section, pre-eclampsia, birth weight, and Apgar score.

Maize stomatal responses against the climate change.

Drought and heat, in the context of climate change, are expected to increase in many agricultural areas across the globe. Among current abiotic stresses, they are the most limiting factors that influence crop growth and productivity. Maize is one of most widely produced crops of the world, being the first in grain production with a yield that exceeded 1.

Mitral valve repair in severe mitral regurgitation after blunt chest trauma.

Mitral valve insufficiency is a pathological condition frequently caused by etiologies such as rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, leaflets prolapse, endocarditis, rupture of a chordae tendineae, ventricular disorders or congenital heart defects among others. Nevertheless, blunt thoracic trauma, although as a rare cause, can produce valve abnormalities. We describe a case of surgical mitral valve repair of a severe insufficiency caused by blunt chest trauma in a high energy road motorbike accident.

The Role of Grass Orthologs in GMC Progression and GC Morphogenesis.

Stomata arose about 400 million years ago when plants left their aquatic environment. The last step of stomatal development is shared by all plant groups, and it implies a symmetrical cell division from the guard mother cell (GMC) to produce two guard cells (GCs) flanking a pore. In Arabidopsis, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MUTE controls this step, upregulating cell-cycle regulators of the GMC division, and immediately afterward, repressors of theses regulators like and Recently, three grass orthologs ( from , from rice, and from maize) have been identified and characterized.

The Role of Grass Orthologues During Stomatal Development.

Gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere takes place through stomatal pores formed by paired guard cells. Grasses develop a unique stomatal structure that consists of two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by lateral subsidiary cells. These structures confer a very efficient gas exchange capacity, which may have contributed to the evolutionary success of grasses.

Effectiveness of Online vs In-Person Care for Adults With Psoriasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Innovative, online models of specialty-care delivery are critical to improving patient access and outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether an online, collaborative connected-health model results in equivalent clinical improvements in psoriasis compared with in-person care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Psoriasis Teledermatology Trial is a 12-month, pragmatic, randomized clinical equivalency trial to evaluate the effect of an online model for psoriasis compared with in-person care.

Interactions among gibberellins, brassinosteroids and genes regulate stomatal development in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl.

Stomata are pores on the plant surface that enable gas exchange with the atmosphere. In Arabidopsis thaliana, brassinosteroids, which function upstream of the TTG/bHLHs/MYBs/GL2 transcriptional network, positively regulate stomatal formation in the hypocotyl. Gibberellins also promote stomatal development in the embryonic stem.

The role of brassinosteroids and abscisic acid in stomatal development.

Gas exchange with the atmosphere is regulated through the stomata. This process relies on both the degree and duration of stomatal opening, and the number and patterning of these structures in the plant surface. Recent work has revealed that brassinosteroids and abscisic acid (ABA), which control stomatal opening, also repress stomatal development in cotyledons and leaves of at least some plants.

What causes opposing actions of brassinosteroids on stomatal development?

The TOO MANY MOUTHS receptor may be responsible for the organ-specific effects of brassinosteroids.

Relationship between brassinosteroids and genes controlling stomatal production in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl.

Stomata are excellent model systems for examining the mechanisms that regulate cell fate determination and pattern formation. It has recently been demonstrated that brassinosteroids control stomatal development by regulating both the MAPK kinase kinase YODA and the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor SPEECHLESS. Here, we show that these plant regulators positively regulate stomatal formation in the hypocotyl and also accelerate their development.

Stomatal development in Arabidopsis and grasses: differences and commonalities.

Stomata, found on the epidermis of all terrestrial plants, consist of two specialized cells called guard cells, which surround a tiny pore. Major advances have been made in our understanding of the genetic control of stomatal development in Arabidopsis and grasses. In Arabidopsis, three basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes control the successive steps that lead to stomatal formation.

Cell fate transitions during stomatal development.

Stomata, the most influential components in gas exchange with the atmosphere, represent a revealing system for studying cell fate determination. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have demonstrated that many of the components, functioning in a signaling cascade, guide numerous cell fate transitions that occur during stomatal development. The signaling cascade is initiated at the cell surface through the activation of the membrane receptors TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and/or ERECTA (ER) family members by the secretory peptide EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (EPF1) and/or a substrate processed proteolytically by the subtilase STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION1 (SDD1) and transduced through cytoplasmic MAP kinases (YODA (YDA), MKK4/MKK5, and MPK3/MPK6) towards the nucleus.

CAPRICE positively regulates stomatal formation in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl.

In the Arabidopsis hypocotyl, stomata develop only from a set of epidermal cell files. Previous studies have identified several negative regulators of stomata formation. Such regulators also trigger non-hair cell fate in the root.

Phytochrome B enhances photosynthesis at the expense of water-use efficiency in Arabidopsis.

In open places, plants are exposed to higher fluence rates of photosynthetically active radiation and to higher red to far-red ratios than under the shade of neighbor plants. High fluence rates are known to increase stomata density. Here we show that high, compared to low, red to far-red ratios also increase stomata density in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Drawing the future: Stomatal response to CO(2) levels.

Gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere is regulated by controlling both the stomatal density and the aperture of the stomatal pore. Environmental factors such as light, the level of atmospheric CO(2) and hormones regulate stomatal development and/or function. Because atmospheric CO(2) levels have been rising since the Industrial Revolution, and it is predicted that they will continue doing so in the future, an understanding of the CO(2) signalling mechanisms in the stomatal responses will help to know how plants were in the past and will allow predicting how they will respond to climate change in the near future.

bHLH proteins know when to make a stoma.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomata develop through a stereotypical pattern of cell divisions. Three recent publications demonstrate that three bHLH proteins act successively in such lineages to drive the formation of stomata. SPEECHLES drives the division that initiates the stomatal-cell lineage.

Secret message at the plant surface.

In general, stomata open during the day and close at night. This behavior has a crucial importance because it maximizes the update of CO(2) for photosynthesis and minimizes the water loss. Blue light is one of the environmental factors that regulates this process.

Use of confocal laser as light source reveals stomata-autonomous function.

In most terrestrial plants, stomata open during the day to maximize the update of CO(2) for photosynthesis, but they close at night to minimize water loss. Blue light, among several environmental factors, controls this process. Stomata response to diverse stimuli seems to be dictated by the behaviour of neighbour stomata creating leaf areas of coordinated response.

Trichomes: different regulatory networks lead to convergent structures.

Sometimes, proteins, biological structures or even organisms have similar functions and appearances but have evolved through widely divergent pathways. There is experimental evidence to suggest that different developmental pathways have converged to produce similar outgrowths of the aerial plant epidermis, referred to as trichomes. The emerging picture suggests that trichomes in Arabidopsis thaliana and, perhaps, in cotton develop through a transcriptional regulatory network that differs from those regulating trichome formation in Antirrhinum and Solanaceous species.