Understanding Community-Specific Health Behaviors to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes and Depression in Rural Adolescents: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and depression co-occur, and rates are on the rise in adolescents, disproportionately affecting teenagers in rural communities and those who identify as members of historically disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups. Addressing the promotion of health behaviors is important for prevention of these comorbid health concerns; however, disparities in their prevalence highlight that a healthy lifestyle is not equally accessible for all individuals. Thus, holistic and multi-level approaches that address structural inequities, leverage cultural and family assets, and are effectively integrated into the community are critically needed.

Analysing the influence of dapagliflozin on urinary tract infection vulnerability and kidney injury in mice infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Aim: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have revolutionized clinical medicine, but their association with urinary tract infection (UTI) risk remains debated. This study investigates the influence of dapagliflozin on UTI outcomes, focusing on kidney injury.

Materials And Methods: Female non-diabetic C57BL/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice, along with diabetic db/db mice, were orally administered dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) for 7 days before transurethral uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection.

Current and emerging strategies to curb antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections.

Rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria compromise patient outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Consequently, new strategies are needed to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria. Over the past two decades, sizeable clinical efforts and research advances have changed urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and prevention strategies to conserve antibiotic use.

Seizure as First Manifestation of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome with Bacteremia due to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) often causes neurologic symptoms, but they typically occur as a later symptom of the syndrome. In addition, the Shiga toxin- producing E. coli (STEC) which causes HUS rarely causes bacteremia.

Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly afflict people with diabetes. To better understand the mechanisms that predispose diabetics to UTIs, we employ diabetic mouse models and altered insulin signaling to show that insulin receptor (IR) shapes UTI defenses. Our findings are validated in human biosamples.

Feasibility pilot trial of a tailored medication adherence-promotion intervention for adolescents and young adults with cancer: Study design and protocol.

Background: Medication non-adherence is common among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer and associated with poor health outcomes. AYAs with cancer endorse multiple barriers to adherence that differ across individuals, suggesting that tailoring intervention content to an AYA's specific barriers may have the potential to improve adherence. The purpose of this manuscript is to report on ORBIT-guided Phase I design efforts to create the first tailored adherence-promotion intervention for AYAs with cancer and the study protocol for the ongoing Phase II pilot feasibility trial.

Social determinants of health predict health outcomes following pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Background: Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is an intensive medical procedure that places substantial financial and logistical burdens on families and is associated with significant health risks, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infections. The influence of the social determinants of health (SDoH) on outcomes following pediatric HCT is understudied. This study aimed to examine whether SDoH predicts outcomes following pediatric HCT.

Uropathogen and host responses in pyelonephritis.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. The ascent of UTI-causing pathogens to the kidneys results in pyelonephritis, which can trigger kidney injury, scarring and ultimately impair kidney function. Despite sizable efforts to understand how infections develop or are cleared in the bladder, our appreciation of the mechanisms by which infections develop, progress or are eradicated in the kidney is limited.

Sleep health behaviors in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed cancer.

Objective: Disrupted sleep and fatigue are common symptoms in children with cancer, but little is known about this population's sleep health behaviors and how they may impact nighttime sleep. We aimed to describe the sleep health behaviors of children with newly diagnosed cancer and to determine if they changed over the next 8 weeks.

Methods: Our sample included 169 children with cancer (86 males) who were aged 2-18 years (mean [SD] = 8.

Repurposing HDAC inhibitors to enhance ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression and reduce urinary tract infection.

With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, innovative approaches are needed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Boosting antimicrobial peptide expression may provide an alternative to antibiotics. Here, we developed reporter cell lines and performed a high-throughput screen of clinically used drugs to identify compounds that boost ribonuclease 4 and 7 expression (RNase 4 and 7), peptides that have antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

Systematic Evaluation of the Behavior Change Techniques and Quality of Commercially Available Cancer Self-Management Apps.

Purpose: Apps have the potential to aid in cancer self-management, but there is limited guidance available for selecting among currently available options. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior change techniques (BCTs) and quality of publicly available cancer self-management apps.

Methods: Cancer self-management apps were identified from the Apple and Google Play stores in April 2022.

Identification of Facilitators and Barriers of Healthy Living and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Among Latinx Families.

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise and may be associated with more adverse health outcomes than adult onset. Latinx adolescents are disproportionately at risk for T2D yet are underrepresented in prevention efforts. Extant interventions to prevent T2D in Latinx adolescents show limited effectiveness.

Implementation of a provincial acute stroke pathway and its impact on access to advanced stroke care in Saskatchewan.

Background: For ischaemic stroke, outcome severity is heavily time dependent. Systems of care need to be in place to ensure that patients with stroke are treated quickly and appropriately across entire health regions. Prior to this study, the province of Saskatchewan, Canada did not have a provincial stroke strategy in place.

Expression and function of human ribonuclease 4 in the kidney and urinary tract.

Antimicrobial peptides are essential host defense mechanisms that prevent urinary tract infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that peptides in the ribonuclease A superfamily have antimicrobial activity against uropathogens and protect the urinary tract from uropathogenic (UPEC). Little is known about the antibacterial function or expression of ribonuclease 4 (RNase 4) in the human urinary tract.

Associations between Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms among Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.

Associations between substance use and depression among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have received limited empirical attention. This study examined how demographics, frequency of IPV and problematic substance use were related to depressive symptoms among women exposed to recent IPV. Participants included 112 women (M = 32.

Mother-child communication about possible cancer recurrence during childhood cancer survivorship.

Objective: Providing opportunities to communicate about possible cancer recurrence may be adaptive for youth in remission, yet parents may experience difficulty guiding discussions related to fears of cancer recurrence (FCR). This study aimed to characterize mother-child discussions about potential cancer recurrence during post-treatment survivorship and to determine predictors of maternal communication.

Methods: Families (N = 67) were recruited after the child's initial cancer diagnosis (age 5-17 years) and mothers self-reported their distress (post-traumatic stress symptoms; PTSS).

Fur Color and Nutritional Status Predict Hair Cortisol Concentrations of Dogs in Nicaragua.

This study examined the relationships between hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and sex, age, nutritional status (as determined by body condition scores, or BCS), and body mass (geometric mean calculated from morphometric measurements), as well as the potential influence of hair pigmentation (light, dark, or agouti/mixed) on HCC in dogs of the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve, Nicaragua. The dogs examined in this study live in a marginal environment where disease, malnutrition, and mortality rates are high. For fur color, HCC was significantly higher in light fur than in than dark and mixed fur ( < 0.

"I Did It to Save My Children": Parenting Strengths and Fears of Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is experienced by one in four women in the United States, and a wealth of quantitative research has underscored its detrimental effects on women's mental health and parenting practices. Little research, however, has considered ways in which women exposed to IPV retain and foster parenting strengths and ways in which motherhood serves as a source of resilience for these women. The objective of the current study was to conduct a thematic analysis of IPV-exposed women's parenting strengths and concerns as reported through focus groups conducted with IPV-exposed women ( = 22) and service providers ( = 31) in two urban areas in the Mid-West and Mid-South.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Light Therapy to Reduce Fatigue in Adolescents and Young Adults Receiving Cancer-Directed Therapy.

Objective/background: Fatigue is one of the most consistent and distressing symptoms reported by adolescent/young adult (AYA) oncology patients. Bright white light (BWL) is used to treat fatigue in adult oncology but has not been explored in AYA oncology patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of BWL for AYA who were receiving cancer-directed therapy.

Differentiating the effects of anxious and avoidant attachment on depression and resilience following trauma.

Few studies have explored the impact of insecure attachment on college student mental health. The present study examined how anxious and avoidant attachment to a mother, father, and best friend were related to depression and resilience in emerging adults exposed to trauma. Participants included 372 trauma-exposed emerging adults, aged 18-24 (=19.

Giardia Infection and Trypanosoma Cruzi Exposure in Dogs in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, Nicaragua.

Indigenous Mayangna and Miskitu inhabit Nicaragua's remote Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, located in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. They are sedentary horticulturists who supplement their diet with wild game, hunting with the assistance of dogs. To test whether hunting dogs increased the risk of human exposure to protozoal zoonotic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), we sampled dogs from three communities varying in population size and level of contact with other communities.

A latent profile analysis of coping responses to individuals' most traumatic event: associations with adaptive and maladaptive mental health outcomes.

This study explores how empirically-derived coping response patterns influence mental health. Emerging adults, currently enrolled in college and aged 18-24 ( = 432; = 19.66; SD= 1.

Ribonuclease 7 Shields the Kidney and Bladder from Invasive Uropathogenic Infection.

Background: Evidence suggests that antimicrobial peptides, components of the innate immune response, protect the kidneys and bladder from bacterial challenge. We previously identified ribonuclease 7 (RNase 7) as a human antimicrobial peptide that has bactericidal activity against uropathogenic (UPEC). Functional studies assessing RNase 7's contributions to urinary tract defense are limited.

Innate immunity and urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infections are a severe public health problem. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to further compromise the quality of life and health of people who develop acute and recurrent upper and lower urinary tract infections. The host defense mechanisms that prevent invasive bacterial infection are not entirely delineated.