Observational cohort study of changing trends in non-invasive ventilation in very preterm infants and associations with clinical outcomes.

Objective: To determine the change in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use over time in infants born at <32 weeks' gestation and the associated clinical outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using routinely recorded data from the National Neonatal Research Database of infants born at <32 weeks admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales from 2010 to 2017.

Results: In 56 537 infants, NIV use increased significantly between 2010 and 2017 (continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from 68.

Newborn infants with bilious vomiting: a national audit of neonatal transport services.

Objective: The precautionary approach to urgently investigate infants with bilious vomiting has increased the numbers referred to transport teams and tertiary surgical centres. The aim of this national UK audit was to quantify referrals and determine the frequency of surgical diagnoses with the purpose to inform the consequent inclusion of these referrals in the national 'time-critical' data set.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre UK-wide audit was conducted between 1 August, 2015 and 31 October, 2015.