Are Surgeons Working Smarter or Harder? A Systematic Review Comparing the Physical and Mental Demands of Robotic and Laparoscopic or Open Surgery.

Background: Minimally invasive surgical techniques such as robotic surgical platforms have provided favourable outcomes for patients, but the impact on surgeons is not well described. This systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate the physical and mental impact of robotic surgery on surgeons compared to standard laparoscopic or open surgery.

Methods: A search strategy was developed to identify peer-reviewed English articles published from inception to end of December 2019 on the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase.

Serotonin system genes and hoarding with and without other obsessive-compulsive traits in a population-based, pediatric sample: A genetic association study.

Background: Hoarding, originally only considered a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is now categorized as a separate disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). We studied candidate serotonergic genes and the distinctness of hoarding in children and adolescents and hypothesized that unique gene variants would be associated with hoarding alone.

Methods: We examined obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits, including hoarding, in a total of 5,213 pediatric participants in the community.

Serotonin system genes and obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions in a population-based, pediatric sample: a genetic association study.

Background: Serotonin system genes are commonly studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but genetic studies to date have produced inconsistent results, possibly because phenotypic heterogeneity has not been adequately accounted for. In this paper, we studied candidate serotonergic genes and homogenous phenotypic subgroups as presented through obsessive-compulsive (OC) trait dimensions in a general population of children and adolescents. We hypothesized that different serotonergic gene variants are associated with different OC trait dimensions and, furthermore, that they vary by sex.

Heritability of obsessive-compulsive trait dimensions in youth from the general population.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable childhood-onset psychiatric disorder that may represent the extreme of obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits that are widespread in the general population. We report the heritability of the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS), a new measure designed to assess the complete range of OC traits in youth. We also examined the dimensional nature of the TOCS and the degree to which genetic effects are unique or shared between dimensions.

The Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Psychometrics of a Dimensional Measure of Obsessive-Compulsive Traits.

Objective: To describe the Toronto Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (TOCS), a novel 21-item parent- or self-report questionnaire that covers wide variation in obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits, and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a community-based pediatric sample.

Method: The TOCS was completed for 16,718 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 17 years in a community setting. Internal consistency, convergent validity with the Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL-OCS), divergent validity with the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Rating Scale (SWAN), interrater reliability, as well as sensitivity and specificity of the TOCS were assessed.

Mental Health Implications of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Children and Youth.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in children and adolescents. Psychopathology is an established risk factor for, and a frequent consequence of, TBI. This paper reviews the literature relating psychopathology and TBI.

Injuries to the head among children enrolled in special education.

Background: Injuries to the head comprise 20% to 39% of all school-related injuries. Head injuries among special education students have not been adequately described.

Objectives: (1) To examine the incidence and characteristics of head injuries in children enrolled in special education and (2) to determine the factors that increase the risk of sustaining a head injury compared with an injury to another part of the body.