Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and In-Hospital Outcomes from a Latin American Country.

Background: Women are underrepresented in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) studies. Furthermore, there is scarce information regarding women with AMI in Latin America.

Aims: To describe the presentation, clinical characteristics, risk factor burden, evidence-based care, and in-hospital outcome in a population of women with AMI admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) in Mexico.

Outlook of coronary ectasia at the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Coronary Ectasia (CE) is a pathological remodeling with a low worldwide prevalence. It is defined as a diffuse dilatation greater than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments of the same or different coronary arteries.

Body mass index is associated with low postoperative cardiac output in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

Background: Overweight and obesity (O/O) generate lipotoxicity of the cardiac fiber and increase the incidence and progression of aortic valve stenosis. The low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a timing complication after to aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate if body mass index (BMI) kg/m is a risk factor associated with LCOS and mortality in the post-operative period of AVR.

Central blood pressure and vascular stiffness in Mexican population.

Introduction: Central blood pressure (CBP) is considered a measure of prognostic value for cardiovascular risk. In turn, the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVAo) and augmentation index (Aix) have been related to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk. Controversies exist regarding the reference values in different ethnic groups, ages, and anthropometrics.

Fourth mitral valve replacement in a 15-year span in a woman of childbearing age.

There is no report of four valve replacement surgeries in a woman during 15-year follow-up. A 23-year-old female was diagnosed at 7 years with rheumatic fever. She developed severe mitral regurgitation and at the same age a prosthetic valve was placed.

Pulmonary embolism and megaloblastic anemia: is there a link? A case report an literature review.

Many factors have been associated with venous thromboembolism. Among them, vitamin B12 deficiency can produce elevated homocysteine levels, which is a risk factor for venous embolism, since the latter interferes with the activation of Va coagulation factor by activation of C protein. We present a case of a patient with metabolic syndrome with apparently unprovoked pulmonary embolism.

[Evaluation of the antithrombotic strategy in low thrombotic risk patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis].

According to current guidelines, in patients without additional risk factors who have undergone aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis, anticoagulation in the first 3 months after surgery is still a matter of debate. According to current evidence, aspirin in low doses is a reasonable alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). A comparison is made between the incidence of thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in patients with low thrombotic risk who underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis in the National Institute of Cardiology of Ignacio Chávez of Mexico.

[EuroSCORE underestimate the mortality risk in cardiac valve surgery of Mexican population].

Objective: The EuroSCORE (European System for cardiac operative risk evaluation) stratifies cardiac risk surgery in easy and accessible manner; it was validated in North America with good results but in many countries of Latin America is used routinely without prior validation. Our objective was to validate the EuroSCORE in patients with cardiac valve surgery at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) in México.

Methods: EuroSCORE additive and logistic models were used to predict mortality in adults undergoing cardiac valve surgery from march 2004 to march 2008.

[Aortic valve calcification evaluated by echocardiography associated with baseline conduction abnormalities as a predictor for pacemaker placement after aortic valve replacement].

Introduction: Aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis may be complicated by complete atrioventricular block (CAVB), requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. Predicting this complication could help to plan the surgical.

Objective: Determine whether electrocardiography and echocardiography are useful methods for predicting the need for PPM.

[Morbidity and hospital cost reduction in cardiac surgery using a presurgery ambulatory strategy].

Unlabelled: In our hospital, the patients that need an elective cardiac surgery are admitted through the admission department on the basis of a waiting list. Since 1999, a fast track to hospitalization program has existed in the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez for patients with low surgical risk. Later, in 2004, this program was extended to patients to moderate risk, based on rules accepted worldwide, and our own experience.

[Short-stay programme in cardiac surgery. Analysis of short-term outcomes of 533 cases in five years].

Background: In 1999 so as to decrease the list of cardiac surgery the "fast track" program was started for patients with very mortality low risk. In 2004, this program was extended to moderate risk patients.

Objectives: A prospective, descriptive study to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics of "fast track" program patients for elective cardiac surgery.

[Severe myocardial disease in a case of Barlow's syndrome].

The Barlow's syndrome is a disease characterized by the presence of mitral valve prolapse and a wide range of signs and symptoms. We know that its manifestations has a great variety existing cases with little clinical expression as those seen frequently in daily practice or the other side opposite completely in which, the syndrome is so complex getting to the patient to present many symptoms secondary to hemodynamics alterations that reduce by much its quality of life and even modify its prognosis.The case that we present is a female patient of 25 years old with Barlow's syndrome and functional class II-III of NewYork Heart Association as a result of the alterations in the contractility function of the heart that finally caused her death.

[Dual chamber pacemakers: common problems and how to treat them].

In the last ten years the technology in Electrophysiology and Cardiac Parcing has advanced rapidly until the arrive of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the prevention of Sudden Death and also to the three chamber pacing for ventricular resinchronization as a treatment for advanced heart failure. In the middle of these we have dual chamber pacemakers. The increasing expectative of life worldwide gives the need and more frequency of implanting dual chamber pacemakers with the exception of the patient with chronic atrial fibrillation.

Inaccurate electrocardiographic interpretation of long QT: the majority of physicians cannot recognize a long QT when they see one.

Background: Physicians in all fields of medicine may encounter patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). It is important to define the percentage of physicians capable of distinguishing QT intervals that are long from those that are normal because LQTS can be lethal when left untreated.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to define the percentage of physicians in the different disciplines of medicine who can recognize a long QT when they see one.

[Long-term follow-up of 413 patients with atrioventricular accessory pathway who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation].

Objective: The aim of this study was shown clinical characteristics and follow-up of patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) therapy.

Material And Methods: From April 1992 to December 1995, 413 patients with AVRT underwent RCA therapy.

Results: Two hundred thirty four men (57%) and one hundred seventy nine women (43%) aged 31.

[Trans-septal puncture for radiofrequency ablation of left accessory pathway].

We present the case of an 18-year-old male patient with diagnosis of Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome due to a left free wall accessory pathway. We performed an electrophysiology study and transseptal punction guided by transesophageal echocardiogram to via access to the left atrium. We performed successful radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway, observing disappearance of the delta wave on the first attempt.

[Follow-up of a group of patients with automatic implantable defibrillator].

Unlabelled: The automatic implantable defibrillator (AID) is the treatment of choice for primary and secondary prevention of sudden death. At the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, since October 1996 until January 2002, 25 patients were implanted with 26 AID. There were 23 men (92%) and the mean age of the whole group, was 51.

[Internal cardioversion in chronic atrial fibrillation].

The importance of atrial fibrillation has always motivated the search of new treatment alternatives. Internal cardioversion has been proposed as a choice in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, giving rise to the development of atrial defibrillator. We present the case of a 68 years old patient without structural heart disease and with diagnosis of chronic atrial fibrillation of 10 months of evolution.

Radiofrequency ablation of multiple accessory pathways.

The aim of the study was to review the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics and results of radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with multiple accessory pathways to compare them with those of patients with single accessory pathways. Electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation were performed in 1010 consecutive cases with Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome. Presence of multiple accessory pathways was documented in 31 patients (3.