Optical diagnosis in still images of colorectal polyps: comparison between expert endoscopists and PolyDeep, a Computer-Aided Diagnosis system.

Background: PolyDeep is a computer-aided detection and classification (CADe/x) system trained to detect and classify polyps. During colonoscopy, CADe/x systems help endoscopists to predict the histology of colonic lesions.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of PolyDeep and expert endoscopists for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps on still images.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy with the SpyGlassâ„¢ system.

Background And Study Aims: The single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy (SOCP) with the SpyGlassâ„¢ system is a endoscopy technique whose use has grown exponentially in recent years. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SOCP with SpyGlassâ„¢ and determine the factors related to the onset of adverse events (AEs).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study at a single tertiary institution with inclusion of all consecutive patients undergoing SOCP with SpyGlassâ„¢ from February-2009 to December-2021.

Primary health care expenditure in the Americas: measuring what matters.

This special report compares the measurement of primary health care (PHC) expenditure proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to the global framework for reporting health expenditures (SHA 2011) in three countries in the Region of the Americas. There are conceptual differences: (1) operationalization as basic care, by OECD, versus first contact, by WHO; (2) a wider range of goods and services in the WHO definition (including medicines, administration, and collective preventive services); and (3) consideration only of services in outpatient providers by OECD. PHC expenditures as a percentage of current healthcare spending in 2017 for WHO and OECD: Mexico (43.

[Primary health care expenditure in the Americas: measuring what mattersGasto en atención primaria en salud en las Américas: medir lo que importa].

This special report compares the measurement of primary health care (PHC) expenditure proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to the global framework for reporting health expenditures (SHA 2011) in three countries in the Region of the Americas. There are conceptual differences: 1) operationalization as basic care, by OECD, versus first contact, by WHO; 2) a wider range of goods and services in the WHO definition (including medicines, administration, and collective preventive services); and 3) consideration only of services in outpatient providers by OECD. PHC expenditures as a percentage of current healthcare spending in 2017 for WHO and OECD: Mexico (43.

[Primary health care expenditure in the Americas: measuring what mattersGasto em atenção primária à saúde nas Américas: calcular o que importa].

This special report compares the measurement of primary health care (PHC) expenditure proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by the World Health Organization (WHO), according to the global framework for reporting health expenditures (SHA 2011) in three countries in the Region of the Americas. There are conceptual differences: 1) operationalization as basic care, by OECD, versus first contact, by WHO; 2) a wider range of goods and services in the WHO definition (including medicines, administration, and collective preventive services); and 3) consideration only of services in outpatient providers by OECD. PHC expenditures as a percentage of current healthcare spending in 2017 for WHO and OECD: Mexico (43.

Quality of Colonoscopy Is Associated With Adenoma Detection and Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Lynch Syndrome.

Background & Aims: Colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers. However, a high incidence of postcolonoscopy CRC (PCCRC) has been reported. Colonoscopy is highly dependent on endoscopist skill and is subject to quality variability.

Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of and Brazilian Strains of Species Complex in Both Murine and Experimental Models.

and complex ( var. and ) are phylogenetically related species that share some physiological features and habits. In the present study, we compared the virulence of these yeast species using two different experimental models: (i) larvae to evaluate the survival rate, fungal burden, histopathology and phagocytosis index and (ii) BALB/c mice to evaluate the survival.

Clinical and Pathological Characterization of Lynch-Like Syndrome.

Background & Aims: Lynch syndrome is characterized by DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. Some patients with suspected Lynch syndrome have DNA MMR deficiencies but no detectable mutations in genes that encode MMR proteins-this is called Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). There is no consensus on management of patients with LLS.

Endoscopic band ligation without resection in selected patients for small and superficial upper gastrointestinal tract lesions.

Background And Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in carefully selected patients who would benefit from this method of resection.

Methods: Patients with early upper gastrointestinal and small (< 15 mm) lesions treated with EBL (Duette® Multi-Band Mucosectomy) were prospectively recruited and retrospectively analyzed between 2010 and 2015. All cases were discussed in a multidisciplinary cancer committee and it was concluded that, owing to patient conditions, surgery was not possible and that not conducting histology would not change the clinical management.

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on the altered progesterone and bile acid homeostasis in the mother-placenta-foetus trio during cholestasis of pregnancy.

Aim: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by pruritus and elevated bile acid concentrations in maternal serum. This is accompanied by an enhanced risk of intra-uterine and perinatal complications. High concentrations of sulphated progesterone metabolites (PMS) have been suggested to be involved in the multifactorial aetiopathogenesis of ICP.

Electric-field-induced redox potential shifts of tetraheme cytochromes c3 immobilized on self-assembled monolayers: surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy and simulation studies.

The tetraheme protein cytochrome c(3) (Cyt-c(3)) from Desulfovibrio gigas, immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, is studied by theoretical and spectroscopic methods. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the protein docks to the negatively charged SAM via its lysine-rich domain around the exposed heme IV. Complex formation is associated with only little protein structural perturbations.

Electric-field dependent decays of two spectroscopically different M-states of photosensory rhodopsin II from Natronobacterium pharaonis.

Sensory rhodopsin II (NpSRII) from Natronobacterium pharaonis was studied by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic techniques. Using gated 413-nm excitation, time-resolved RR measurements of the solubilized photoreceptor were carried out to probe the photocycle intermediates that are formed in the submillisecond time range. For the first time, two M-like intermediates were identified on the basis of their C=C stretching bands at 1568 and 1583 cm(-1), corresponding to the early M(L)(400) state with a lifetime of 30 micro s and the subsequent M(1)(400) state with a lifetime of 2 ms, respectively.