The symbol digit modalities test and the paced auditory serial addition test involve more than processing speed.

Background: Slowed processing speed is the most frequently reported cognitive deficit for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, measures used to assess processing speed may also recruit other cognitive abilities. The present objective was to determine the contributions of different cognitive functions to performance on two commonly used processing speed measures: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).

How much will you share?: Exploring attitudinal and behavioral nudges in online private information sharing.

How do individuals decide how much private information to share publicly? We explore: (a) What are contemporary attitudes about sharing? (b) How much can an organization influence members' sharing indirectly through targeting attitudes, and/or directly through targeting behaviors? We draw on ambivalence, nudging, and privacy paradox theories to examine these important questions using samples of university students in the context of setting up public student profile pages viewable to other members of their institution. We find that positive, negative, and ambivalent attitudes coexist in the population (Study 1). We also find that individuals are cognizant of privacy-intrusiveness (Study 2), suggesting sharing is not mindless.

Anger as a trigger for information search in integrative negotiations.

Research has shown that anger can be both detrimental in negotiations (increasing the chance of impasse or conflict) and helpful to the angry person (by eliciting concessions from the other party). Much of this work has focused on a receiver's emotional response to anger. Yet little work has examined the influence of anger on information search, an important cognitive mechanism for joint value creation in integrative negotiations.

Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Canadian contribution to the international validation project.

Background: Given the high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) and the lack of availability of specialized neuropsychological services in most MS Clinics, there is a need for a brief cognitive monitoring tool that can be easily administered by MS clinic staff.

Objective: We aimed to establish the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) as a feasible cognitive monitoring tool and provide Canadian data toward the international validation effort. Secondary considerations were to determine if BICAMS correlates with self-reported cognition and predicted vocational status.

Assessing collective affect recognition via the Emotional Aperture Measure.

Curiosity about collective affect is undergoing a revival in many fields. This literature, tracing back to Le Bon's seminal work on crowd psychology, has established the veracity of collective affect and demonstrated its influence on a wide range of group dynamics. More recently, an interest in the perception of collective affect has emerged, revealing a need for a methodological approach for assessing collective emotion recognition to complement measures of individual emotion recognition.

Reliability of regression-based normative data for the oral symbol digit modalities test: an evaluation of demographic influences, construct validity, and impairment classification rates in multiple sclerosis samples.

The oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has been recommended to assess cognition for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the lack of adequate normative data has limited its clinical utility. Recently published regression-based norms may resolve this limitation but, because these norms were derived from a relatively small sample, their stability is unclear.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces symptoms of depression in people with a traumatic brain injury: results from a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We sought to determine if we could reduce symptoms of depression in individuals with a traumatic brain injury using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

Setting: The study was conducted in a community setting.

Participants: We enrolled adults with symptoms of depression after a traumatic brain injury.

Cognition in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: consequences may be relative to working memory.

The Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed,as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning.

Tests of information processing speed: what do people with multiple sclerosis think about them?

Reduction in information processing speed (IPS) is a key deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS). The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Computerized Test of Information Processing (CTIP) are used to measure IPS. Both the PASAT and SDMT are sensitive to deficits in IPS.

Efficacy and safety of dopamine agonists in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

In the intensive care unit, dopamine agonists (DA) have been used in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients to augment or accelerate cognitive recovery and rehabilitation. However, the efficacy and safety of DA in this population is not well established. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the clinical efficacy and safety of DA in patients with TBI.

A prospective cohort study evaluating associations among delirium, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and apolipoprotein E genotype following open aortic repair.

Background: Patients undergoing major vascular surgery are at high risk of postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in central acetylcholine synthesis, and patients bearing the ε4 genotype (APOE-ε4) are at increased risk of both vascular dementia and peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations among delirium, POCD, and APOE-ε4 in patients undergoing open aortic repair.

The clock drawing test is a poor screening tool for postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction after aortic repair.

Background: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a screening tool for dementia that tests a variety of cognitive domains. The CDT takes a maximum of two minutes to complete and might be helpful in identifying postoperative cognitive disorders at the bedside. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the CDT in a population at high risk for postoperative cognitive disorders

Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, patients were recruited who were ≥ 60 yr of age and scheduled for elective open repair of the abdominal aorta.

Cognitive interventions post acquired brain injury.

Objective: Cognitive rehabilitation represents a substantial portion of rehabilitative efforts put forth in increasing independence following an acquired brain injury.

Main Outcomes And Results: This review examined four major areas of cognitive therapy including: attention/concentration, learning and memory, executive functioning, and general cognitive rehabilitation approaches. In total, 64 studies were evaluated throughout the four major areas, which provided the evidence-base for 18 conclusions.

A systematic review of the rehabilitation of moderate to severe acquired brain injuries.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the rehabilitation literature of moderate to severe acquired brain injuries (ABI) from traumatic and non-traumatic causes.

Methods: A review of the literature was conducted for studies looking at interventions in ABI rehabilitation. The methodological quality of each study was determined using the Downs and Black scale for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs as well as the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale for RCTs only.

The effects of mild and severe traumatic brain injury on the auditory and visual versions of the Adjusting-Paced Serial Addition Test (Adjusting-PSAT).

Auditory and visual versions of the Adjusting-PSAT [Tombaugh, T. N. (1999).

The effects of mild and severe traumatic brain injury on speed of information processing as measured by the computerized tests of information processing (CTIP).

In spite of the fact that reaction time (RT) measures are sensitive to the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), few RT procedures have been developed for use in standard clinical evaluations. The computerized test of information processing (CTIP) [Tombaugh, T. N.