Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy in A Young Girl Treated with Interferon-Beta for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To describe a case of interferon-beta retinopathy associated with paracentral acute middle maculopathy.

Case Report: A 15-year-old girl with Epstein-Barr virus-positive advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma WAS REFERRED with reduced visual acuity. Multimodal imaging findings, including optical coherence tomography angiography, at presentation and evolution following cessation of interferon therapy are presented.

High dose cefuroxime causing retinal toxicity in a patient undergoing trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To present a case of severe retinal toxicity secondary to high dose intracameral cefuroxime administered during trabeculectomy glaucoma surgery. We describe the clinical features and management, and describe serial multimodal imaging and electrophysiological findings. Intracameral cefuroxime (ICC) and subconjunctival cefuroxime (SCC) are routinely administered during ocular surgeries to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis.

Proposing a Neurotropic Etiology for Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: To reassess the underlying pathophysiology of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) through comparison with the non-inoculated eye of the von Szily animal model of neurotropic viral retinal infection.

Methods: Narrative review.

Results: Literature reports of isolated neurotropic viral entities and rising serological viral titers in APMPPE after presentation support a potential direct infective etiology.

Ocular Involvement in the Histiocytoses: A Literature Review with an Illustrative Case Series.

Purpose: To describe and illustrate recent reclassification and clinical descriptions of the histiocytoses, diagnosis and management, and effects on the eye and adnexae.

Patients And Methods: Literature review with an illustrative case series of seven patients with histiocytosis and ophthalmic involvement from a single tertiary centre.

Results: Skin lesions with signs including eyelid mass, orbital bone destruction, bizarre keratic precipitates, limbal or iris mass, haemorrhagic anterior uveitis, subretinal lesions of uncertain etiology, ischaemic retinopathy, optic neuropathy, and apparent steroid-resistant inflammations should be comprehensively investigated.

Intravitreal Fluocinolone 0.19mg Implant in the Management of Chronic Non-Infectious Uveitis: 12-Month Outcomes from a Single Tertiary Centre.

Aim: To present efficacy and safety of 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide insert (FAi) to treat chronic noninfectious uveitis (NIU) in a single referral center.

Methods: A retrospective observational clinical study of 11 eyes with NIU complicated by chronic cystoid macular edema (CMO).

Evaluating the Safety, Efficacy and Patient Acceptability of Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide (0.2mcg/Day) Implant in the Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis Affecting the Posterior Segment.

Long-acting, slow-release injectable fluocinolone intravitreal implants have been approved for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment. We summarise the development of intravitreal fluocinolone implants and discuss the technology including pharmacokinetics. We conducted a systematic review of evidence for the efficacy, safety and patient acceptability of fluocinolone 0.

Avascular Necrosis of Bone in Patients with Uveitis Treated with Systemic Corticosteroids.

Purpose: To identify the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of avascular necrosis (AVN) in patients with chronic uveitis.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with corticosteroid-induced AVN treated at Manchester Uveitis Clinic between 1991 and 2019.

Results: From a cohort of 4478 patients, 1698 had been treated with systemic corticosteroids.

Intra and inter-rater agreement of inflammatory choroidal neovascular membrane measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: Automated measurement algorithm software is not routinely available in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices and manual measurement of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) size is necessary. Our aim was to determine intra- and inter-rater agreement of inflammatory CNVM manual measurements obtained with OCTA.

Methods: OCTA (Triton® Topcon Corporation) images in patients with inflammatory CNVM were imported into ImageJ software v1.

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a review.

Inflammation of renal interstitium and uveal tissue establishes the two components of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome. Although believed to occur more frequently in young females, a broad spectrum of patients can be affected. Both renal and eye disease can be asymptomatic and may not manifest simultaneously, having independent progressions.

Miliary tuberculosis developing during adalimumab treatment for Behçet's disease with uveitis.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a key proinflammatory cytokine in non-infective uveitis (NIU). Adalimumab, an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of severe NIU by the European Medicines Agency. There is a recognised risk of serious infections, including tuberculosis (TB), during anti-TNF-α therapy in systemic immune-mediated diseases.

Precipitants of 5-Fluorouracil in Trabeculectomy Bleb Management: A Comparative Laboratory Study.

Aim: Concerns regarding 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) corneal toxicity have resulted in various ways of reducing its corneal exposure during post-operative trabeculectomy bleb manipulation. This study investigates the properties of various topical agents used to induce the precipitation of this compound.

Materials And Methods: This is a double-blind, descriptive, laboratory study comparing five different potential precipitants of 5-FU (proxymetacaine (proxy), oxybuprocaine (oxy), ametho-caine (ameth), fluorescein (flor), proxymetacaine + fluorescein (proxy-flor) to a control group (normal saline).

An unusual case report of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Background: Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare ocular condition and its diagnosis remains a challenge. The clinical presentation is variable and it can masquerade as chronic intermediate or posterior uveitis. We report an unusual case of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) presenting as migrating retinal lesions with unique shapes.

Multimodal Evaluation of Presumed Tuberculous Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis.

: To evaluate multimodal imaging findings in longitudinal follow-up of a patient with presumed tuberculous serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB-SLC). : We evaluated multimodal imaging in a 62-year-old male with TB-SLC. Correlation between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) at defined disease stages and evolution of observed imaging descriptors during long-term follow-up has not been previously reported.

Incidence, management and outcome of raised intraocular pressure in childhood-onset uveitis at a tertiary referral centre.

Background/aims: To investigate the incidence, management and outcome of uveitis and raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in children treated at the Manchester Uveitis Clinic (MUC).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of patients who presented with uveitis under the age of 16 to the MUC from July 2002 to June 2016.

Results: A total of 320 children were included in the study.

Atypical sarcoidosis-associated uveitis: diagnostic challenges.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown aetiology with pulmonary involvement in most patients. Uveitis is common and often characteristic. We report a case of ocular sarcoidosis with grossly atypical contiguous optic neuropathy and choroiditis and describe the diagnostic challenges in this highly unusual presentation.

Adalimumab in refractory cystoid macular edema associated with birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To report the clinical outcomes of adalimumab therapy in cases of birdshot chorioretinitis (BCR) with cystoid macular edema (CME) refractory to conventional immunotherapy.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of three BCR patients treated with adalimumab for refractory CME. The main outcome measure was central subfield thickness (CST) on optical coherence tomography.

Full-thickness macular hole: a rare complication of neuroretinitis.

is a known infective cause of neuroretinitis. We present a case of neuroretinitis complicated by macular hole in a 22-year-old man. The neuroretinitis was managed with early high-dose intravenous corticosteroid and oral antibiotic.

Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Preservative-Free Triamcinolone Preparation (Triesence®) for Cystoid Macular Oedema and Inflammation in Patients with Uveitis.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of intravitreal benzyl alcohol-free triamcinolone acetonide suspension in uveitis-related macular oedema.

Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of 66 injections to 44 eyes of 40 patients. Uveitis diagnosis, systemic and local therapy, intraocular pressure (IOP), central retinal thickness (CRT), number of injections, time to re-injection and side-effects were noted during 6-months minimum follow-up.

Multimodal Imaging in Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy Demonstrating Obstruction of the Choriocapillaris.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides noninvasive in vivo vascular imaging of the retina and choriocapillaris. To highlight OCTA utility, the authors align structural changes and their resolution with functional outcome. The authors present a case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and sequential changes during transition to inactive disease.

Multifocal chorioretinitis with progressive subretinal fibrosis in a young child.

Progressive subretinal fibrosis with uveitis (PSFU) syndrome is a rare clinical entity presenting with multifocal granulomatous chorioretinitis and subsequently developing extensive subretinal fibrosis over weeks or months. Subretinal fibrosis affecting the macula may cause profound and permanent vision loss. We report the presentation and management of this condition in a child, to our knowledge, the youngest reported.

Real-time PCR using the 529 bp repeat element for the diagnosis of atypical ocular toxoplasmosis.

Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis may present in atypical fashion, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, and PCR is an important diagnostic tool especially when differentiating from other infectious causes.

Methods: A descriptive case-series demonstrating the use of a novel real-time PCR protocol targeting 529 bp repeat element, a multicopy and highly conserved fragment, in Toxoplasma gondii genome. This was designed and established by our microbiology service following independent, external validation.