Towards a more individualised assessment of post-training fatigue in young footballers.

Despite improvements in training load and fatigue monitoring, fatigue status may adversely affect intrinsic risk factors, particularly in young footballers. This study aimed to better individualise the fatigue effects of a 75-min football training session in young elite male players. Eighteen players (15.

Mechanism involved of post-exercise cold water immersion: Blood redistribution and increase in energy expenditure during rewarming.

Thermogenesis is well understood, but the relationships between cold water immersion (CWI), the post-CWI rewarming and the associated physiological changes are not. This study investigated muscle and systemic oxygenation, cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses, and gastrointestinal temperature during and after CWI. 21 healthy men completed randomly 2 protocols.

Effect of a graded running race on lower limb muscle damage, jump performance and muscle soreness in men and women.

Purpose: Delayed structural and functional recovery after a 20 km graded running race was analyzed with respect to the sex effect.

Methods: Thirteen female and 14 male recreational runners completed the race and three test sessions: one before (PRE) and two after, once on Day 1 or 2 (D1-2) and then on Day 3 or 4 (D3-4). Muscle damage was assessed indirectly using ultrasonography to quantify changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) of 10 lower-limb muscles.

Effects of Carbohydrate, Caffeine, and Guarana on Cognitive Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Shooting Performance in High-Level Athletes.

To investigate the effect of ingesting carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine  (CAF), and a guarana complex (GUAc) during a running exercise on cognitive performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and shooting performance in high-level modern pentathlon athletes. A total of 10 athletes completed 4 counterbalanced sessions within a 2-wk period, corresponding to ingestions of CHO (30 g), GUAc (300 mg), CAF (200 mg), or placebo. The exercise involved a 40-min run on a treadmill at a steady speed, previously determined as a "somewhat hard" exercise (RPE 13).

Cognitive Performance Enhancement Induced by Caffeine, Carbohydrate and Guarana Mouth Rinsing during Submaximal Exercise.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of serial mouth rinsing (MR) with nutritional supplements on cognitive performance (i.e., cognitive control and time perception) during a 40-min submaximal exercise.

Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Maximal Power Output and Cognitive Performances.

The present study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of acute carbohydrate (7% CHO) intake on muscular and cognitive performances. Seventeen high levels athletes in explosive sports (fencing and squash) participated in a randomized, double-blind study consisting in series of 6 sprints (5s) with a passive recovery (25s) followed by 15 min submaximal cycling after either maltodextrine and fructose (CHO) or placebo (Pl) intake. Cognitive performances were assessed before and after sprint exercise using a simple reaction time (SRT) task at rest, a visual scanning task (VS) and a Go/Nogo task (GNG) during a submaximal cycling exercise.

Heart rate variability and cognitive function following a multi-vitamin and mineral supplementation with added guarana (Paullinia cupana).

The aim of this study was to assess cognitive performance and heart rate variability (HRV) following the ingestion of either a multi-vitamin-mineral preparation supplemented with 300 mg guarana (Ac); a caffeine supplement (C) or a placebo supplement (Pl). Fifty-six subjects took part in a randomized, double-blind crossover design, consisting of three experimental sessions ran on a different day. Cognitive performance was assessed using a go/no-go task and a simple reaction time (SRT) task.