The role of dark adaptation in understanding early AMD.

The main aim of the paper is to discuss current knowledge on how Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affects Dark Adaptation (DA). The paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, we outline some of the molecular mechanisms that control DA.

The association between dark adaptation and macular pigment optical density in healthy subjects.

Purpose: To investigate whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is related to dark adaptation in healthy subjects.

Methods: Dark adaptation was measured after a minimum 30 % pigment bleach in 33 subjects (aged 15-68), using a white 1° stimulus presented 11° below fixation on a cathode ray tube monitor. The luminance range of the monitor was extended using neutral density filters.

Assessment of age changes and repeatability for computer-based rod dark adaptation.

Purpose: To characterize the rate of rod-mediated sensitivity decline with age using a PC-driven cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor. To provide data regarding the repeatability of the technique.

Methods: Dark adaptation was monitored for 30 min following a minimum 30 % pigment bleach, using a white 1° stimulus (modulated at 1 Hz), presented 11° below fixation on a CRT monitor.