Disparity in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis among African American pregnant women.

To determine whether African American women expecting their first infant carry a disproportionate burden of posttraumatic stress disorder morbidity, we conducted a comparative analysis of cross-sectional data from the initial psychiatric interview in a prospective cohort study of posttraumatic stress disorder effects on childbearing outcomes. Participants were recruited from maternity clinics in three health systems in the Midwestern USA. Eligibility criteria were being 18 years or older, able to speak English, expecting a first infant, and less than 28 weeks gestation.

The context of caretaking in rural areas: family factors influencing the level of functioning of seriously mentally ill patients living at home.

After the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric hospitals, many families became primary caregivers for seriously mentally ill individuals. Mental health services became further reduced with the advent of managed care and reductions in health and mental health care. The dearth of community-care options often results in psychiatric patients being quickly stabilized in hospital units and discharged to live with their families.

Exploring racial disparity in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis: implications for care of African American women.

Objective: To explore factors contributing to disparities in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis between African Americans and White Americans, while controlling for gender and class by using a data set limited to poor women.

Design: A cross-sectional epidemiological secondary analysis.

Setting: Michigan Medicaid fee-for-service claims data from 1994 through 1997.

Depression prevalence in disadvantaged young black women--African and Caribbean immigrants compared to US-born African Americans.

Background: Research with Mexican Americans suggests that immigrants have lower rates of mental disorders than U. S.-born Mexican Americans.

Racial discrimination and racial identity as risk or protective factors for violent behaviors in African American young adults.

This study examined the influences of racial discrimination and different racial identity attitudes on engaging in violent behavior among 325 African American young adults. The contributions of racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in explaining violent behavior during the transition into young adulthood while controlling for the influences of prior risk behaviors at ninth grade were examined separately for males and females. In addition, the buffering effects of racial identity attitudes on the relationship between racial discrimination and violent behavior were tested.