This prospective clinical study sought to determine the accuracy of cytopathologic examination and needle-core biopsy (NCB) against diagnoses obtained by excisional histopathology (EH) for canine splenic masses. Twenty-five masses were evaluated by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and NCB tissue sampling. Each spleen was placed in a container and artificial skin placed over its surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Histoplasma antigen and anti-Histoplasma antibody detection are used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. There is a paucity of published data on antibody assays.
Objectives: Our primary hypothesis was that anti-Histoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody detection using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) will be more sensitive as compared to immunodiffusion (ID).
Background: Nonhemorrhagic ascites (NHA) can be caused by cardiac diseases (cNHA) and noncardiac diseases (ncNHA). N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may differentiate between cNHA and ncNHA.
Hypothesis/objectives: We compared NT-proBNP and cTnI concentrations as well as POCUS findings in dogs presented with cNHA and ncNHA.
Cytauxzoonosis is a tick-borne infectious disease affecting domestic cats with high mortality and limited treatment modalities. Because early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are crucial to survival of infected cats, the objective of this study was to develop an ELISA capable of detecting cytauxzoonosis and differentiating acute vs. chronic infection in clinical feline blood samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The magnitude of diagnostic abnormalities can influence the perception of clinical outcome. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis (ENL) is an uncommon finding caused by markedly increased granulopoiesis. A lack of recent, large-scale studies limits our understanding of the importance, causation, and prognosis associated with ENL in dogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cytauxzoon felis is a life-threatening protozoan disease of cats. Identification of schizont-laden macrophages is a point-of-care diagnostic test for acute cytauxzoonosis.
Hypothesis/objectives: The primary objective determined cytologic agreement between sample types to diagnose acute cytauxzoonosis.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis
January 2022
Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite that causes life-threatening disease in domestic cats in the United States. Currently, the platforms for C. felis research are limited to natural or experimental infection of domestic cats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Epidemiologic studies suggest residential radon exposure might increase the risk of primary lung cancer in people, but these studies are limited by subject mobility. This limitation might be overcome by evaluating the association in pets.
Hypothesis: Primary pulmonary neoplasia (PPN) rate is higher in dogs and cats residing in counties with a high radon exposure risk (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] zone 1) compared to zones 2 (moderate radon exposure risk) and 3 (low radon exposure risk).
A lack of understanding of specific immune defects underlying canine immune-mediated diseases hampers optimal therapy. Failure to tailor treatment to an individual's immune abnormality can result in lack of efficacy, secondary complications, added expense, and drug-potentiated adverse effects. We adopted a small-volume whole-blood flow cytometric assay to determine the effect of immunosuppressant drugs on T-lymphocyte proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports
April 2019
A moderate number of oval-shaped, 114.7 × 61.3 μm in size, amber-colored, arthropod-like eggs that had chitinous, smooth, semi-thickened outer wall and 2-4 short appendages armed with 2 terminal hook-like structures were detected in multiple fecal samples from an approximately 9-month-old, intact female, collie-mixed dog that had been recently imported from Ethiopia to Oklahoma, United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine the influence of propofol or methohexital, with and without doxapram, on the examination of laryngeal function in dogs.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Animals: Forty healthy dogs randomly assigned to 4 groups: propofol with saline (n = 10), propofol with doxapram (n = 10), methohexital with saline (n = 10), or methohexital with doxapram (n = 10).
An 8-year-old spayed female border collie dog was diagnosed with an invasive pituitary macrotumor. Five months after radiation therapy, the patient developed paraparesis and lumbosacral pain. Necropsy revealed a pituitary carcinoma with cauda equina drop metastasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhaeohyphomycosis is a rare but emerging disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. Here we describe the case of an immunosuppressed dog with disseminated phaeohyphomycosis secondary to infection. Regionally extensive infiltration of the paw pads, skin, myocardium, liver, renal interstitium and diaphragm was identified on histopathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Feline Med Surg
December 2015
A high rate of mortality, expense, and complications of immunosuppressive therapy in dogs underscores the need for optimization of drug dosing. The purpose of this study was to determine, using a flow-cytometric assay, the 50% T-cell inhibitory concentration (IC50) of dexamethasone, cyclosporine, and the active metabolites of azathioprine (6-mercaptopurine) and leflunomide (A77 1726) in canine lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A). Whole blood was collected from 5 privately owned, healthy dogs of various ages, genders, and breeds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to determine the frequency of cervical lung lobe herniation (CLLH) in dogs evaluated fluoroscopically and to identify associated characteristics. Reports of diagnostic procedures and patient summaries from 2008 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, body weight, duration of cough, presence of heart murmur and airway collapse, and radiographic findings were compared between dogs with and without CLLH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNebulized lidocaine may be a corticosteroid-sparing drug in human asthmatics, reducing airway resistance and peripheral blood eosinophilia. We hypothesized that inhaled lidocaine would be safe in healthy and experimentally asthmatic cats, diminishing airflow limitation and eosinophilic airway inflammation in the latter population. Healthy (n = 5) and experimentally asthmatic (n = 9) research cats were administered 2 weeks of nebulized lidocaine (2 mg/kg q8h) or placebo (saline) followed by a 2-week washout and crossover to the alternate treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Feline Med Surg
February 2011
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection is a valuable respiratory diagnostic procedure in cats. This study evaluated effects of BALF storage on total nucleated cell counts (TNCCs) and differential cell counts (DCC), cell morphology, and cytological diagnosis. Forty-five research cats with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and mixed inflammation, and healthy controls were enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and total nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for discrimination between asthma and chronic bronchitis in cats.
Animals: 97 cats.
Procedures: Cats screened with cytologic examination of BALF included 13 client-owned cats with naturally developing asthma, 8 client-owned cats with chronic bronchitis, 23 research cats with experimentally induced asthma, 33 research cats with experimentally induced nonseptic suppurative inflammation of the airways, and 20 healthy control cats.
Objective And Design: This study investigated if feG-COOH would decrease allergen-induced airway inflammation.
Materials Or Subjects: Seven adult cats sensitised to Bermuda grass allergen (BGA) to induce an asthmatic phenotype.
Treatment: Cats were randomized to receive either feG-COOH (1 mg/kg, PO) or placebo (saline 1 ml, PO) immediately prior to BGA aerosol challenge in a cross-over design.