UK guidelines for the investigation and management of eosinophilia in returning travellers and migrants.

Eosinophilia is a common finding in returning travellers, migrants and other travelling groups. In this setting it often indicates an underlying helminth infection. Infections associated with eosinophilia are frequently either asymptomatic or associated with non-specific symptoms but some can cause severe disease.

Autochthonous Human Babesia divergens Infection, England.

We describe a case of autochthonous human Babesia divergens infection in an immunocompetent woman in England. The patient had fever, hemolysis, multiorgan failure, and 18% parasitemia. We confirmed B.

Parasitic infections: what do paediatricians need to know?

Parasitic infections and the medications used to treat them may be unfamiliar to many paediatricians. Parasitic infections, however, are not uncommonly seen in children in the UK. We summarise infections which are commonly seen, currently recommended treatment and practical guidance on formulations, adverse effects and treatment choice.

Treatment Failure in a UK Malaria Patient Harboring Genetically Variant Plasmodium falciparum From Uganda With Reduced In Vitro Susceptibility to Artemisinin and Lumefantrine.

Background: Recent cases of clinical failure in malaria patients in the United Kingdom (UK) treated with artemether-lumefantrine have implications for malaria chemotherapy worldwide.

Methods: Parasites were isolated from an index case of confirmed Plasmodium falciparum treatment failure after standard treatment, and from comparable travel-acquired UK malaria cases. Drug susceptibility in vitro and genotypes at 6 resistance-associated loci were determined for all parasite isolates and compared with clinical outcomes for each parasite donor.

Imported rickettsial infections to the United Kingdom, 2015-2020.

Objective: The burden of imported rickettsial infection in the UK is not previously described. This retrospective review identifies rickettsial cases diagnosed at the national reference laboratory between 2015 and 2022.

Methods: Samples testing positive for spotted fever group, typhus group, and scrub typhus IgG/IgM on acute and convalescent blood samples, and/or PCR on tissue/blood were categorized as suspected, confirmed or past infection.

Geographical and temporal trends and seasonal relapse in Plasmodium ovale spp. and Plasmodium malariae infections imported to the UK between 1987 and 2015.

Background: Plasmodium ovale spp. and P. malariae cause illness in endemic regions and returning travellers.

Disseminated cerebral hydatid disease (multiple intracranial echinococcosis).

Intracranial echinococcosis is relatively uncommon and usually occurs in the context of echinococcal lesions elsewhere in the body, mostly liver and lung. Multiple intracranial lesions can result from rupture of an initial single intracranial cyst (in cystic echinococcosis) or from dissemination of systemic disease of the lung, liver or heart (cystic and alveolar echinococcosis). The two main subtypes, cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, present differently and have distinct imaging features in the brain.

Toscana virus meningo-encephalitis: an important differential diagnosis for elderly travellers returning from Mediterranean countries.

Background: Elderly patients have a long list of differentials for causes of acute confusion and altered consciousness levels, including infectious agents. In addition, elderly, retired patients often have more time to travel for tourism, particularly to exotic, warmer locations. Mediterranean countries such as Spain and Italy are popular holiday destinations for British and other tourists, especially during the winter months.

Diagnosis and management of Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin associated Staphylococcus aureus infection: an update.

The incidence of invasive Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection has increased in the past decade and is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates. Of all the virulence factors, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) has received the greatest attention. PVL producing SA strains are more likely to produce severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and necrotizing pneumonia.

Evolving Rapid Methicillin-resistant Detection: Cover All the Bases.

The dissemination of methicillin-resistant (MR) (SA) in community and health-care settings is of great concern and associated with high mortality and morbidity. Rapid detection of MRSA with short turnaround time can minimize the time to initiate appropriate therapy and further promote infection control. Early detection of MRSA directly from clinical samples is complicated by the frequent association of MRSA with methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) and coagulase-negative (CoNS) species.

Molecular Mechanisms of Colistin Resistance in Causing Bacteremia from India-A First Report.

Colistin has long been a reserve drug used for the treatment of carbapenem resistant . Carbapenem resistance in has been increasing and is as high as 44% in India. Although a reserve agent, with rise in rates of resistance to carbapenems, the usage of colistin has increased over the years leading to slow emergence of resistance.

Clinical and Bacterial Risk Factors for Mortality in Children With Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections in India.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an increasing cause of nosocomial infection in hospitalized children worldwide. Few studies have investigated risk factors for mortality in children with CRE bloodstream infection (BSI). Data are particularly scarce in areas where NDM and OXA carbapenemases predominate.

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Hypervirulent Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Bacteremia.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been increasingly reported worldwide, and there is emergence of carbapenem resistance among them. Here, we report the genome sequences of three carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolates isolated from bacteremic patients at a tertiary-care center in South India.

Minocycline and Tigecycline: What Is Their Role in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms?

Carbapenem-resistant organisms are increasingly common worldwide, particularly in India and are associated with high mortality rates especially in patients with severe infection such as bacteremia. Existing drugs such as carbapenems and polymyxins have a number of disadvantages, but remain the mainstay of treatment. The tetracycline class of antibiotics was first produced in the 1940s.