Medical Rejuvenation in Georgia in the past: the Sukhumi Station.

If youth and body appearance enhancement is as old as Homo Sapiens, reliable medical technology for such activities is only about 100 years old. At the dawn of the 20th century, surgical operations performed under the Voronoff's treatment plan (monkey gonads' tissue grafting into humans) or the Steinach's technique (vasoligation) offered a promise of longevity, beauty and therefore youth restoration. The many links with a newly recognized discipline, endocrinology, offer a critical insight on the strong interactions between medicine and surgery in the promise of successful antiaging.

Unique surgical tool as an iatromagic charm.

Papyri are writings made on special sheets made out of reeds grown on the banks of the river Nile. The Authors comment on the relationship between a ritual text and surgical therapy with an exploration of an ancient charm as recorded in a Greek written papyrus stored in the Medicea Laurenziana Library papyri collection. This charm was presumably intended to act apotropaically, rendering harmless the aggressive surgical tool by means of still keeping its therapeutic value and thereby affording healing protection.

John Reissberg Wolfe (1823-1904): a plastic surgeon in Garibaldi's army.

John Wolfe graduated MD from Glasgow University in 1856. He founded the Glasgow Ophthalmic Institution in 1868 and he ran this for a quarter of a century. In 1875 he published the technique of full-thickness skin grafting in the British Medical Journal.