Health service utilization and adherence to medication for hypertension and diabetes among Syrian refugees and affected host communities in Lebanon.

Methods: This study uses data from a 2015 household survey of Syrian refugees and Lebanese host communities. A total of 1,376 refugee and 686 host community households were surveyed using a cluster design with probability proportional to size sampling. Differences in outcomes of interest by population group were examined using Pearson's chi-square and t-test methods and the crude and adjusted odds of care-seeking and interrupted medication adherence among Syrian refugees were estimated using logistic regression.

Motivational factors for choosing treatment destinations among the patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions survey 2012.

Background: Travelling seeking healthcare is becoming common phenomenon. There is limited research to understand factors associated with destinations of choice. Each year the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) spends millions of dollars to cover Emiratis seeking healthcare overseas.

Treatment destinations and visit frequencies for patients seeking medical treatment overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from Dubai Health Authority reporting during 2009-2016.

Background: Each year, the Dubai Health Authority (DHA) spends millions of dollars to cover the costs of United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals seeking healthcare overseas. Patients may travel overseas to seek an array of treatments. It is important to analyze the number of trips and treatment destinations for patients travelling overseas to provide baseline information for the DHA to improve polices and strategies related to overseas treatment for UAE nationals.

The health of Saudi older adults; results from the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH) 2006-2015.

Objectives: To Describe the Saudi older adult (SOA) characteristics and Introduce the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH).

Methods: The SNSEH, a population-based nationally-representative survey, was used. Subjects were included in 2006-2007, using random-cluster sampling utilizing probability proportional to size approach, and followed-up to determine their vital status until June 2015.

Do Hospitals Support Second Victims? Collective Insights From Patient Safety Leaders in Maryland.

Background: Second victims-defined as health care providers who are emotionally traumatized after a patient adverse event-may not receive needed emotional support. Although most health care organizations have an employee assistance program (EAP), second victims may be reluctant to access this service because of worries about confidentiality. A study was conducted to describe the extent to which organizational support for second victims is perceived as desirable by patient safety officers in acute care hospitals in Maryland and to identify existing support programs.

Do prehospital criteria optimally assign injured children to the appropriate level of trauma team activation and emergency department disposition at a level I pediatric trauma center?

Purpose: To examine the association of prehospital criteria with the appropriate level of trauma team activation (TTA) and emergency department (ED) disposition among injured children at a level I pediatric trauma center.

Methods: Injured children younger than 15 years and transported by emergency medical services (EMS) from the scene of injury between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2011 were identified using the institution's trauma registry. Logistic regression was used to study the main outcomes of interest, full TTA (FTTA) and ED disposition.

A phased cluster-randomized trial of rural hospitals testing a quality collaborative to improve heart failure care: organizational context matters.

Background: Use of evidence-based practices for heart failure (HF) patients has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce variations in care delivery.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a rural hospital quality collaborative and organizational context (nurse staffing and practice environment) on 4 HF core measures.

Research Design: Phased cluster-randomized trial with delayed intervention control group.

Do nurse and patient injuries share common antecedents? An analysis of associations with safety climate and working conditions.

Background: Safety climate and nurses' working conditions may have an impact on both patient outcomes and nurse occupational health, but these outcomes have rarely been examined concurrently.

Objective: To examine the association of unit-level safety climate and specific nurse working conditions with injury outcomes for both nurses and patients in a single hospital.

Research Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using nursing-unit level and individual-level data at an urban, level-one trauma centre in the USA.

Are temporary staff associated with more severe emergency department medication errors?

The use of temporary staff in healthcare is on the rise due in part to work-force shortages and perceived cost savings. They may present an increased risk of errors from insufficient training and orientation, and less familiarity with local culture and practice. However, their impact, particularly in the emergency department where the risk of preventable medication errors is high, has not been established.

Triangulating case-finding tools for patient safety surveillance: a cross-sectional case study of puncture/laceration.

Objective: To evaluate the need for triangulating case-finding tools in patient safety surveillance. This study applied four case-finding tools to error-associated patient safety events to identify and characterise the spectrum of events captured by these tools, using puncture or laceration as an example for in-depth analysis.

Data Sources/study Setting: Retrospective hospital discharge data were collected for calendar year 2005 (n=48,418) from a large, urban medical centre in the USA.

Rural hospital nursing: results of a national survey of nurse executives.

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe nursing characteristics in small and larger rural hospitals and determine whether differences exist in market, hospital, and nursing characteristics.

Background: A better description of nursing in rural settings is needed to understand the work context.

Methods: A national sample of rural hospital nurse executives (n = 280) completed the Nurse Environment Survey and Essentials of Magnetism instrument.

Is quality of care improving in the UK?

Yes, but we do not know why

Impact of a statewide intensive care unit quality improvement initiative on hospital mortality and length of stay: retrospective comparative analysis.

Objective: To evaluate whether implementation of the Michigan Keystone ICU project, a comprehensive statewide quality improvement initiative focused on reduction of infections, was associated with reductions in hospital mortality and length of stay for adults aged 65 or more admitted to intensive care units.

Design: Retrospective comparative study, using data from Medicare claims.

Setting: Michigan and Midwest region, United States.

Is there an association between risk perception and disaster preparedness in rural US hospitals?

Introduction: This study examined disaster preparedness, risk perception, and their association in rural hospitals in the United States. The focus of disaster preparedness largely has been centered on urban areas, in part because of the perception that more concentrated areas have an increased risk of a disastrous event. Therefore, it was hypothesized that risk perception may be a contributing factor for adequate preparedness in rural areas.

Pediatric antidepressant medication errors in a national error reporting database.

Objective: To describe inpatient and outpatient pediatric antidepressant medication errors.

Methods: We analyzed all error reports from the United States Pharmacopeia MEDMARX database, from 2003 to 2006, involving antidepressant medications and patients younger than 18 years.

Results: Of the 451 error reports identified, 95% reached the patient, 6.

Patient flow variability and unplanned readmissions to an intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine whether high patient inflow volumes to an intensive care unit are associated with unplanned readmissions to the unit.

Design: Retrospective comparative analysis.

Setting: The setting is a large urban tertiary care academic medical center.

Cardiovascular medication errors in children.

Objectives: We sought to describe pediatric cardiovascular medication errors and to determine patients and medications with more-frequently reported and/or more-harmful errors.

Methods: We analyzed cardiovascular medication error reports from 2003-2004 for patients <18 years of age, from the US Pharmacopeia MEDMARX database. Reports were stratified according to harm score (A, near miss; B-D, error, no harm; E-I, harmful error).

Pediatric vaccination errors: application of the "5 rights" framework to a national error reporting database.

Little is known about vaccination errors. We analyzed 607 outpatient pediatric vaccination error reports from MEDMARX, a nationwide, voluntary medication error reporting system, occurring from 2003 to 2006. We used the "5 Rights" framework (right vaccine, time, dose, route, and patient) to determine whether vaccination error types were predictable.

Rural hospital nursing: Better environments = shared vision and quality/safety engagement.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the independent effects among market forces, hospital factors, and the rural nursing work environment, controlling for hospital type, average daily census, and system or network membership.

Background: The hospital work environment affects both nurse and patient outcomes, yet little is known about the rural hospital setting.

Methods: A national sample of rural hospital nurse executives (n = 233) completed the Nursing Environment Survey and the Essentials of Magnetism (EOM) instrument.

Reducing health care hazards: lessons from the commercial aviation safety team.

The movement to improve quality of care and patient safety has grown, but examples of measurable and sustained progress are rare. The slow progress made in health care contrasts with the success of aviation safety. After a tragic 1995 plane crash, the aviation industry and government created the Commercial Aviation Safety Team to reduce fatal accidents.

National study on the frequency, types, causes, and consequences of voluntarily reported emergency department medication errors.

Background: Medication errors contribute to significant morbidity, mortality, and costs to the health system. Little is known about the characteristics of Emergency Department (ED) medication errors.

Study Objective: To examine the frequency, types, causes, and consequences of voluntarily reported ED medication errors in the United States.

Medication errors in the ambulatory treatment of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Of 361 reports of errors involving pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from 2003 to 2005, 82% reached the patient but were not harmful; more serious errors were rare.

Improving patient safety in intensive care units in Michigan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the design and lessons learned from implementing a large-scale patient safety collaborative and the impact of an intervention on teamwork climate in intensive care units (ICUs) across the state of Michigan.

Materials And Methods: This study used a collaborative model for improvement involving researchers from the Johns Hopkins University and Michigan Health and Hospital Association. A quality improvement team in each ICU collected and submitted baseline data and implemented quality improvement interventions.