Interventional pain management of CRPS in the pediatric population: A literature review.

Background: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a condition that causes persistent and debilitating pain. It is often associated with physical injury but can also occur without identifiable trauma or ongoing injury. There are no published guidelines for CRPS treatment in the pediatric population, but interdisciplinary care, medication, and physical therapy are common approaches.

Evaluation of bone mineral density, microarchitecture, and detection of fractures on young patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: when and how to screen?

Purpose: People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) developed higher life expectancy along with chronic bone disease over the past years. Our purpose is to evaluate bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture and fractures in young PLWH and understand the disease's contribution to bone derangements and fracture risk.

Methods: Eighty-one HIV-infected and 54 control young (20-50 years) male and female subjects were enrolled in this study.

Chronic hypoparathyroidism is associated with increased cortical bone density evaluated using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture and fracture prevalence in women with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT).

Methods: Twenty-seven women with postsurgical hypoPT and 44 age-matched healthy women were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate areal BMD and vertebral fracture assessment.

Nanotechnology-Based Topical Delivery of Natural Products for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic eczematous inflammatory disease that may arise from environmental, genetic, and immunological factors. Despite the efficacy of current treatment options such as corticosteroids, such approaches are mainly focused on symptom relief and may present certain undesirable side effects. In recent years, isolated natural compounds, oils, mixtures, and/or extracts have gained scientific attention because of their high efficiency and moderate to low toxicity.

Exploring Iberian Peninsula Lamiaceae as Potential Therapeutic Approaches in Wound Healing.

Skin tissue has a crucial role in protecting the human body from external harmful agents, preventing wounds that frequently demand proper healing approaches. The ethnobotanical knowledge of specific regions with further investigation on their medicinal plants has been paramount to create new and effective therapeutical agents, including for dermatological purposes. This review attempts, for the first time, to investigate the traditional applications of Lamiaceae medicinal plants that are already used by local communities in the Iberian Peninsula in wound healing.

Human alveolar macrophage metabolism is compromised during infection.

Pulmonary macrophages have two distinct ontogenies: long-lived embryonically-seeded alveolar macrophages (AM) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Here, we show that after infection with a virulent strain of (H37Rv), primary murine AM exhibit a unique transcriptomic signature characterized by metabolic reprogramming distinct from conventional BMDM. In contrast to BMDM, AM failed to shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis and consequently were unable to control infection with an avirulent strain (H37Ra).

Lower bone density and microarchitecture alterations in HIV-infected Brazilian men aged 50 years and older are associated with estradiol levels.

Objective: Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) allows for longer survival for people living with HIV and hence long-term complications of both disease and treatment are common. Our purpose was to evaluate bone alterations in men living with HIV (MLWH) and receiving cART and to identify associated factors that can be corrected or mitigated.

Patients And Design: Thirty MLWH and 36 healthy controls (≥50 years) were studied for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography [HR-pQCT]), serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, 25(OH)D, testosterone (T), estradiol (E ), glucose, creatinine, and albumin levels.

Official Position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry-part II (clinical aspects): interpretation, reporting, and special situations.

Objective: To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment.

Official position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry: part I (technical aspects)-general concepts, indications, acquisition, and analysis.

Objective: To review the technical aspects of body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other methods based on the most recent scientific evidence.

Materials And Methods: This Official Position is a result of efforts by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and health care professionals with expertise in body composition assessment who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications.

Use of aromatase inhibitors in patients with breast cancer is associated with deterioration of bone microarchitecture and density.

Objective: To evaluate changes in bone density and architecture in postmenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) and use of aromatase inhibitor (AI).

Methods: Thirty-four postmenopausal women with BC, without bone metastasis, renal function impairment and who were not receiving bone-active drugs were selected from a population of 523 outpatients treated for BC. According to the presence of hormonal receptors, HER2 and Ki67, seventeen had positive hormonal receptors and received anastrozole (AI group), and seventeen were triple-negative receptors (non-AI group), previously treated with chemotherapy.

Microarchitectural parameters and bone mineral density in patients with tumour-induced osteomalacia by HR-pQCT and DXA.

Introduction: Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic condition characterised by decreased tubular phosphate reabsorption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in six TIO patients, compared with 18 healthy controls.

Methods: Volumetric BMD and microarchitecture were evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and areal BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Body composition, but not insulin resistance, influences postprandial lipemia in patients with Turner's syndrome.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of body composition and insulin resistance on the magnitude of postprandial lipemia in patients with Turner's syndrome receiving oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with Turner's syndrome receiving oral or transdermal estrogen replacement were evaluated for body mass index, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, fasting glycemia, insulin, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and postprandial lipid metabolism. For statistical analysis, we used parametric tests to compare numeric variables between the two subgroups.

Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update of Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (2020).

Unlabelled: The Brazilian guidelines for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis were updated and important topics were included such as assessment of risk fracture using FRAX Brazil, use of denosumab, and also recommendations for the use of glucocorticoid pulse therapy and inhaled glucocortiocoid.

Introduction: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in almost all medical specialties and the incidences of vertebral/nonvertebral fractures range from 30 to 50% in individuals treated with GCs for over 3 months. Thus, osteoporosis and frailty fractures should be prevented and treated in patients initiating treatment or already being treated with GCs.

Bone Evaluation by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Patients With Adrenal Incidentaloma.

Context: Data regarding high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) are unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate the areal bone mineral density (aBMD), microstructure, and fractures in patients with nonfunctioning AI (NFAI) and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS).

Methods: We evaluated 45 patients with NFAI (1 mg dexamethasone suppression test [DST] ≤1.

Intestinal dysbiosis compromises alveolar macrophage immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Current treatments for tuberculosis (TB) are effective in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth, yet have significant side effects and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, it is critical to understand why our host defense system is unable to generate permanent immunity to Mtb despite prolonged anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT). Here, we demonstrate that treatment of mice with the most widely used anti-TB drugs, rifampicin (RIF) or isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PYZ), significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota.

Mitochondrial cyclophilin D regulates T cell metabolic responses and disease tolerance to tuberculosis.

() is one of the most ancient human pathogens, yet the exact mechanism(s) of host defense against remains unclear. Although one-third of the world's population is chronically infected with , only 5 to 10% develop active disease. This indicates that, in addition to resistance mechanisms that control bacterial burden, the host has also evolved strategies to tolerate the presence of to limit disease severity.

Impact of Weight Loss With Intragastric Balloon on Bone Density and Microstructure in Obese Adults.

The historical concept that obesity protects against bone fractures has been questioned. Weight loss appears to reduce bone mineral density (BMD); however, the results in young adults are inconsistent, and data on the effects of weight loss on bone microstructure are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of weight loss using an intragastric balloon (IGB) on bone density and microstructure.

BCG Educates Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Generate Protective Innate Immunity against Tuberculosis.

The dogma that adaptive immunity is the only arm of the immune response with memory capacity has been recently challenged by several studies demonstrating evidence for memory-like innate immune training. However, the underlying mechanisms and location for generating such innate memory responses in vivo remain unknown. Here, we show that access of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to the bone marrow (BM) changes the transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), leading to local cell expansion and enhanced myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis.

HR-pQCT detects alterations in bone microstructure in men with CKD stages 3 and 4, which are influenced by hormonal changes and body composition .

Introduction: Factors associated with osteodystrophy in predialysis patients are poorly understood. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the impact of body composition and hormonal regulatory factors on the bone microstructure in a group of men with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4.

Materials And Methods: 46 men, aged 50 - 75 years, with previously unrecognized CKD were evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Impact of 6 months of treatment with intragastric balloon on body fat and quality of life in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue with a negative impact on quality of life. Different weight loss interventions have demonstrated improvements in quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 months of treatment with an intragastric balloon (IGB) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its relation to changes in body fat in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Brazilian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is the leading cause of fractures in the population older than 50 years. This silent disease affects primarily postmenopausal women and the elderly, and the morbidity and mortality rates are high. The main goal of treating osteoporosis is the prevention of fractures.

Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in men.

Osteoporosis, a metabolic disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of the bone tissue microarchitecture and increased susceptibility to fractures, is commonly regarded as a women's health problem. This point of view is based on the fact that compared with men, women have lower bone mineral density and longer lifespans and lose bone mass faster, especially after menopause, due to a marked decrease in serum estrogen levels. However, in the last 20 years, osteoporosis in men has become recognized as a public health problem due to the occurrence of an increasingly higher number of fragility fractures.

Inhaled glucocorticoids are associated with vertebral fractures in COPD patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Oral glucocorticoids are deleterious to bone; however, the impact of inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether ICS contribute to osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

Impact of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon on body composition and psychopathological profile in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month treatment with intragastric balloon (IGB) on body composition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: Fifty patients (aged 18-50 years) with obesity and MS were selected for treatment with IGB for 6 months. Body composition was verified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and right after IGB removal.