identification of underutilized β-lactam combinations against methicillin-resistant bacteremia isolates.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia is a serious clinical challenge with high mortality rates. Antibiotic combination therapy is currently used in cases of persistent infection; however, the limited development of new antibiotics will likely increase the need for combination therapy, and better methods are needed for identifying effective combinations for treating persistent bacteremia. To identify pairwise combinations with the most consistent potential for benefit compared to monotherapy with a primary anti-MRSA agent, we conducted a systematic study with an high-throughput methodology.

The Clinical Effectiveness of Fidaxomicin Compared to Vancomycin in the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection, A Single-Center Real-World Experience.

Background: The use of fidaxomicin is recommended as first-line therapy for all patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, real-world studies have shown conflicting evidence of superiority.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study of patients diagnosed with CDI between 2011 and 2021.

Connecting the Dots between Barriers to W.I.C. Access and Adult and Child Food Insecurity: A Survey of Missouri Residents.

Previous research has explored the impact of W.I.C.

Impact of antimicrobial use in dogs on antimicrobial resistance and shared flora with human owners.

Transmission of bacteria between animals and humans in domestic households is increasingly recognized. We evaluated the presence of antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria in 8 dog-owner-dog pairs before and after the dog received amoxicillin-clavulanate. The study identified shared flora in the humans and dogs that were affected by antimicrobial administration.

Attitudes and awareness of Australian women regarding peripartum antibiotic use: A multicentre survey.

Background: Peripartum antibiotics are commonly administered. Little is known of the attitudes of pregnant women toward peripartum antibiotics.

Aim: We aimed to assess the awareness of and attitudes toward peripartum antibiotic use in Australian women.

Single-centre survey of women reflecting on recent experiences and preferences of oral intake during labour.

Background: Consensus-based recommendations guiding oral intake during labour are lacking.

Aims: We surveyed women at a tertiary women's hospital about preferences for and experiences of oral intake during labour, gastrointestinal symptoms during labour and recalled advice about oral intake.

Materials And Methods: Women who experienced labour completed a postpartum survey with responses as free text, yes-no questions and five-point Likert scales.

Evaluation of the Activity of Aztreonam-Avibactam against 341 Recent Clinical Isolates of Anaerobes.

Aztreonam-avibactam is under clinical development for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. We evaluated activity against 341 recent clinical isolates. The addition of avibactam to aztreonam had no effect on the anaerobic activity of aztreonam.

How Did School Meal Access Change during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Analysis of a Large Metropolitan Area.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) resulted in school closures and contingencies across the U.S. that limited access to school meals for students.

The Readability of Patient Education Materials Pertaining to Gastrointestinal Procedures.

Introduction: Due to the ubiquity and ease of access of Internet, patients are able to access online health information more easily than ever. The American Medical Association recommends that patient education materials be targeted at or below the 6 grade level in order to accommodate a wider audience. In this study, we evaluate the difficulty of educational materials pertaining to common GI procedures; we analyze on the readability of online education materials for colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Antimicrobial susceptibility and ribotypes of Clostridium difficile isolates from a Phase 2 clinical trial of ridinilazole (SMT19969) and vancomycin.

Objectives: We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility and ribotypes of Clostridium difficile isolates from participants in a Phase 2 study of ridinilazole, a novel targeted-spectrum agent for treatment of C. difficile infection.

Methods: Participants received ridinilazole (200 mg twice daily) or vancomycin (125 mg four times daily) for 10 days (ClinicalTrials.

A repeat offender: Recurrent extraintestinal Clostridium difficile infection following fecal microbiota transplantation.

Extraintestinal infection with Clostridium difficile has been reported but remains uncommon. Treatment of this unusual complication is complex given the limitations of current therapeutic options. Here we report a novel case of recurrent extraintestinal C.

Evaluation of the Activity of Eravacycline against a Broad Spectrum of Recent Clinical Anaerobic Isolates.

The novel fluorocycline antibiotic eravacycline is in development for use in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Eravacycline and 11 comparator antibiotics were tested against recent anaerobic clinical isolates, including MDR spp. and Eravacycline was potent against all the isolates tested, including strains with tetracycline-specific resistance determinants and MDR anaerobic pathogens resistant to carbapenems and/or β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam against 451 Recent Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides Group and Related Species.

We evaluated the in vitro activity of imipenem-relebactam (imipenem-MK7655) against 451 recent clinical isolates within the Bacteroides group and related species. Relebactam did not enhance or inhibit the activity of imipenem against Bacteroides fragilis or other Bacteroides species. No synergistic or antagonistic effect was observed.

Differences in the Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile Isolates in Pediatric and Adult Patients.

The rising incidence of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) in adults is partly related to the global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, namely, BI/NAP1/027. Although CDIs are also increasingly diagnosed in children, BI/NAP1/027 is relatively uncommon in children. Little is known about the antibiotic susceptibility of pediatric CDI isolates.

Mucocutaneous Findings and Course in an Adult With Zika Virus Infection.

Importance: The Zika virus epidemic has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. We describe the mucocutaneous features and histologic correlation in a patient with the acute Zika virus infection.

Observations: We observed the presence of a diffuse papular descending eruption, petechiae on the palate, and hyperemic sclerae in a 44-year-old man returning from Puerto Rico with confirmatory testing for the Zika virus.

A Review of Indigo Naturalis as an Alternative Treatment for Nail Psoriasis.

Introduction: Nail psoriasis is challenging to treat. The few currently available therapies are limited in efficacy, and often produce unfavorable side effects. A plant extract widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, indigo naturalis (Qing Dai), is presented in this review as an alternative topical treatment for skin and nail psoriasis.

Use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Patients with HIV and AIDS are living longer because of advancements in antiretroviral therapy. These patients are often susceptible to debilitating inflammatory disorders that are refractory to standard treatment. We discuss the relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and HIV and then review 27 published cases of patients with HIV being treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Administration on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonization in Adults with Comorbidities.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are endemic in health care settings. These organisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to infection which is associated with increased mortality. There is no treatment for VRE colonization.

Activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates.

We evaluated in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ), formerly CXA-201, against recent clinical anaerobic isolates with emphasis on the Bacteroides fragilis group. Ceftolozane-tazobactam showed good activity against B. fragilis species and intermediate to limited activity against other species of Bacteroides.

Why healthy eating is bad for young people's health: identity, belonging and food.

Research into young people and healthy eating has focussed on identifying the 'barriers' to healthy eating and on developing interventions to address them. However, it has tended to neglect the emotional, social and symbolic aspects of food for young people, and the roles food might play in adolescence. This paper explores these issues, reporting findings from a qualitative study which explored the meanings and values young people attached to food choices, particularly in school and peer contexts.

In vitro activity of ceftaroline against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates.

The in vitro activity of ceftaroline was compared with those of ceftriaxone, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and vancomycin against 514 clinical anaerobic isolates using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard methodology. Ceftaroline demonstrated good to excellent activity against Gram-positive anaerobic pathogens and limited activity against Gram-negative pathogens, particularly Bacteroides fragilis group isolates.