Interaction between bacterial microbiota and nematode parasite communities in sheep's gastrointestinal tract.

The economic impact of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections on livestock production is well documented worldwide. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that parasite colonization induces significant changes in the GI tract environment and, therefore, in the landscape where the microbiota and parasites occur. Understanding the interactions between bacterial and parasite populations in the digestive tract of livestock may be useful to design parasite control strategies based on microbiota modification.

Computer vision syndrome and associated factors in university students and teachers in Nampula, Mozambique.

Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a complex of eye and visual problems that arise while using a computer or other Video Display Terminal (DVT). With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of these DVTs has become indispensable in the lives of students and teachers. This study aims to identify the prevalence of CVS and associated factors in students and teachers at Lúrio University, in Nampula, during the pandemic period.

Assessment of the distribution of human and material resources for eye health in the public sector in Nampula, Mozambique.

Background: The unavailability of human and material resources can affect access to eye health services, constituting an obstacle in the fight against avoidable visual impairment. This study aimed to assess the availability and distribution of human and material resources for eye health in the public sector in Nampula province.

Methods: A mixed method approach was used, which included document reviews (to extract information regarding the number of professionals and inhabitants in each district) and application of a questionnaire to heads of the ophthalmology department in each health facility (to obtain the list of available equipment).

Monepantel-based anthelmintic combinations to optimize parasite control in cattle.

Improvement in the use of existing anthelmintics is a high priority need for the pharmaco-parasitology research field, considering the magnitude and severity of anthelmintic resistance as an important issue in livestock production. In the work described here, monepantel (MNP) was given alone or co-administered with either macrocyclic lactone (ML) or benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics to calves naturally infected with ML- and BZ-resistant gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes on two different commercial cattle farms. Both pharmacokinetic (PK) and efficacy assessments were performed.

Assessment of cataract surgery outcomes in Nampula (Mozambique): visual acuity, visual function and quality of life.

Background: Despite advances in surgical techniques, cataract remains the leading cause of preventable blindness, and massive surgeries have been adopted as a strategy to change this situation. Monitoring the results of cataract surgeries has become imperative to ensure their quality. Therefore, this study aims to assess the cataract surgery outcomes performed at the Central Hospital of Nampula Mozambique.

Whole genome sequencing and de novo assembly of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: a pangenome approach to unravelling pathogenesis of canine pyoderma.

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main aetiological agent of canine pyoderma. Whole genome sequencing is the most comprehensive way of obtaining relevant genomic information about micro-organisms.

Hypothesis/objectives: Oxford Nanopore technology enables quality sequencing and de novo assembly of the whole genome of S.

Pharmacokinetics and milk excretion pattern of eprinomectin at different dose rates in dairy cattle.

This study aimed at determining the plasma disposition kinetics of eprinomectin (EPM) and EPM excretion pattern through milk after topical administration to dairy cattle at the recommended dose of 0.5 mg/kg and at 1 and 1.5 mg/kg.

Ivermectin Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Tissue/Egg Residue Profiles in Laying Hens.

The goals were to determine the ivermectin (IVM) plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue and egg residue profiles, and in vitro metabolism in laying hens. Experiments conducted were (1) 8 hens were intravenously treated with IVM and blood samples taken; (2) 88 hens were treated with IVM administered daily in water (5 days) (40 were kept and their daily eggs collected; 48 were sacrificed in groups (n = 8) at different times and tissue samples taken and analyzed); (3) IVM biotransformation was studied in liver microsomes. Pharmacokinetic parameters were AUC = 85.

Integrated assessment of ivermectin pharmacokinetics, efficacy against resistant Haemonchus contortus and P-glycoprotein expression in lambs treated at three different dosage levels.

The main goals of the current work were: (a) to assess the ivermectin (IVM) systemic exposure and plasma disposition kinetics after its administration at the recommended dose, x5 and x10 doses to lambs, (b) to compare the clinical efficacy of the same IVM dosages in lambs infected with an IVM-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus, and (c) to assess the expression of the transporter protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in H. contortus recovered at 14 days after administration of the IVM dose regimens. There were two separated trials where IVM was administered either subcutaneously (SC, Experiment I) or intraruminally (IR, Experiment II).

Comparative tissue pharmacokinetics and efficacy of moxidectin, abamectin and ivermectin in lambs infected with resistant nematodes: Impact of drug treatments on parasite P-glycoprotein expression.

The high level of resistance to the macrocyclic lactones has encouraged the search for strategies to optimize their potential as antiparasitic agents. There is a need for pharmaco-parasitological studies addressing the kinetic-dynamic differences between various macrocyclic lactones under standardized in vivo conditions. The current work evaluated the relationship among systemic drug exposure, target tissue availabilities and the pattern of drug accumulation within resistant Haemonchus contortus for moxidectin, abamectin and ivermectin.

In vivo and ex vivo assessment of the interaction between ivermectin and danofloxacin in sheep.

The impact of an efflux pump-related interaction between ivermectin and danofloxacin on their intestinal transport (ex vivo) and disposition kinetics (in vivo) was assessed. Eighteen male Corriedale sheep were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Animals in Group A received 0.

Gender-related differences on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug intestinal transport in rats.

Objectives: Evidence of sex-related differences on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are markedly increasing. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of gender on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug intestinal transport using two ex-vivo methodological approaches.

Methods: To study the comparative tissue uptake of ivermectin, intestinal sacs (distal jejunum/ileum) of male and female Wistar rats were incubated with ivermectin (0.

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe): comparative analysis with the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) genome.

South American camelids comprise the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), which are wild species, and the domestic llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Lama pacos). This paper presents the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the guanaco and the mt coding sequence of the vicuña. The guanaco mtDNA is 16,649 nt long and its composition and organization are similar to the mitochondrial genome of other mammals.

Hepatic and extra-hepatic metabolic pathways involved in flubendazole biotransformation in sheep.

Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic compound used in pigs, poultry and humans. Its potential for parasite control in ruminant species is under investigation. The objective of the work described here was to identify the main enzymatic pathways involved in the hepatic and extra-hepatic biotransformation of FLBZ in sheep.