Multi-Autoantibody Testing Identifies Expansion of Reactivity to Targeted Antigens Before a Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a "pre-RA" period in which multiple autoantibodies, including antibodies to citrullinated (cit) proteins (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-peptidyl arginine deiminase (anti-PAD), among others, have been described; however, few studies have tested all autoantibodies in a single pre-RA cohort. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of multiple autoantibodies in pre-RA and potentially identify an autoantibody profile in pre-RA that indicates imminent onset of clinical RA.

Methods: We evaluated 148 individuals with two pre- and one post-RA diagnosis samples available from the Department of Defense Serum Repository and matched controls.

Clinical Validity of Anti-Proteinase 3 Antibodies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Short Meta-Analysis.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed to proteinase 3 (PR3) represent highly established markers for patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). PR3-ANCA have also demonstrated utility in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). More specifically, PR3-ANCA discriminate individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD) patients and are associated with disease severity, activity, and treatment non-response.

Anti-protein arginine deiminase antibodies are distinctly associated with joint and lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: RA is a chronic inflammatory disease in which possible interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an extra-articular manifestation that carries significant morbidity and mortality. RF and ACPA are included in the RA classification criteria but prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for disease endotyping and RA-ILD are lacking. Anti-protein arginine deiminase antibodies (anti-PAD) are a novel class of autoantibodies identified in RA.

Anti-Protein-Arginine Deiminase 4 IgG and IgA Delineate Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis.

There is a strong need for biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in all phases of the patient’s journey and to enable the implementation of precision medicine strategies to improve patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 IgG and IgA in the sera of RA patients and disease controls, and to investigate their association with joint erosion and biological treatment use. Sera from 104 RA and 155 controls were tested for the presence of anti-PAD4 IgG and IgA using a new particle-based multi-analyte technology (PMAT).

Predictive value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD3 antibodies alone or in combination with RF and ACPA for the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyse the predictive value of anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) and anti-peptidyl-arginine deiminase type-3 (anti-PAD3) antibodies, alone or in combination with RF and ACPA, to identify patients at high risk of developing severe RA outcomes.

Methods: Patients within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management registry with a biobank sample were tested for RF, ACPA, anti-CarP, and anti-PAD3 antibodies. We examined the association of each autoantibody with DAS28, HAQ and radiographic damage (Ratingen) at baseline and longitudinally.

Serum calprotectin: a promising biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis.

Background: Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9 protein) is known as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein and reflects mainly neutrophil activation. Serum calprotectin levels might be a good alternative to acute-phase protein as a biomarker in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum calprotectin with disease activity and severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Precision medicine in the care of rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on prediction and prevention of future clinically-apparent disease.

There is an emerging understanding that an individual's risk for future rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be determined using a combination of factors while they are still in a state where clinically-apparent inflammatory arthritis (IA) is not yet present. Indeed, this concept has underpinned several completed and ongoing prevention trials in RA. Importantly, risk factors can be divided into modifiable (e.

Autoantibodies to protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 in rheumatoid arthritis: immunological and clinical significance, and potential for precision medicine.

: The protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 enzyme plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also represents an antigenic target. Anti-PAD4 antibodies can be present in RA and are associated with specific clinical features. : This review aims to analyze the current knowledge and recent findings on anti-PAD4 antibodies in RA and their clinical and immunological significance.

The Utilization of Autoantibodies in Approaches to Precision Health.

Precision health (PH) applied to autoimmune disease will need paradigm shifts in the use and application of autoantibodies and other biomarkers. For example, autoantibodies combined with other multi-analyte "omic" profiles will form the basis of disease prediction allowing for earlier intervention linked to disease prevention strategies, as well as earlier, effective and personalized interventions for established disease. As medical intervention moves to disease prediction and a model of "intent to PREVENT," diagnostics will include an early symptom/risk-based, as opposed to a disease-based approach.

Comparison of Serological Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their Combination to Improve Diagnostic Performance.

Introduction: The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on a combined approach that includes serological markers such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA). The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of several RF and ACPA immunoassays for the diagnosis of RA, as well as the diagnostic value of a combinatory approach with these markers.

Methods: The study cohort included 1,655 patients from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management registry with sera from 968 patients with RA and 687 disease controls, including patients with axial spondyloarthritis ( = 450) and psoriatic arthritis ( = 237).