TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Content of selected nutrients and potential contaminants in prenatal multivitamins and minerals: an observational study.

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Insights on Chairing a Pharmacy Faculty Search Committee and Recruiting the Top Talent in the Academy.

Faculty members in academic roles are often called upon to serve as chair of a search committee. This can be both an important and challenging role. Many faculty members may not have previous experience with search comittees or have undergone formal search committee training.

Use of hormonal contraceptives in perimenopause: A systematic review.

Hormonal contraceptives have been used in perimenopausal women to manage a variety of symptoms and prevent unintended pregnancy. However, it is unclear what contraceptive regimen is best for these women. To evaluate hormonal contraceptive methods in women experiencing perimenopause using two prespecified outcomes: perimenopausal symptom management and long-term effects.

The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure on female menstrual cyclicity and reproductive health in rhesus macaques.

Objective: To determine the dose-dependent effect of contemporary marijuana exposure on female menstrual cyclicity and reproductive endocrine physiology in a nonhuman primate model.

Design: Research animal study.

Setting: Research institute environment.

A longitudinal quality improvement program to optimize experiential education's ability to develop trusted independent pharmacist practitioners.

Problem Description: To meet the evolving role of today's pharmacist, student pharmacists need to be given independent responsibilities that increase in rigor as they advance through the curriculum and be able to practice both autonomously and as part of an interprofessional team. Quality improvement methods: The University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) experiential programs office undertook a 20-year process of developing independence for students. Students faced increasing challenges and responsibilities as they moved through experiential practice settings, with constant, cyclic adjustments made in response to feedback.

Comparison of reported versus measured content of over-the-counter and prescription prenatal multivitamins and minerals.

Objective: To examine the measured contents of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) prenatal multivitamins and minerals (PMVMs) and compare the findings with the amounts reported on the nutrition labels. The findings were subsequently examined on the basis of cost and ability to adequately supplement dietary intake during pregnancy on the basis of The National Academies' dietary reference intakes (DRIs) and tolerable upper intake levels.

Methods: This was an observational convenience sample of OTC and Rx PMVMs available through online retailers and retail pharmacies.

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Uptake of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in a Sample of US High School Adolescents.

Objective: To assess high school students' knowledge and perceptions of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccines and evaluate high school students' self-reported uptake of the HPV vaccine.

Methods: This was an observational, descriptive study using a 44-question survey. Participants were ninth grade students in a Colorado public school district.

Assessment of contraceptive curricula in US pharmacy programs.

Introduction: Pharmacists prescribe contraception in some states following expansions in scope of practice. Adequate education on contraception in pharmacy curricula is crucial to effectively deliver these services.

Methods: A 26-item survey assessing contraception curricula regarding was administered by email to instructors and administrators at 139 pharmacy schools in the United States.

Contraceptive Use in Women of Childbearing Ability With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background/objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease that may require treatment with one or several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Many DMARDs have potential teratogenic effects or are newer agents with limited safety data in pregnancy. This study evaluated 20 common RA medications and the rate of contraceptive prescribing and counseling patterns in women with RA of childbearing ability.

Increased Testing and Health Care Costs for Pediatric Cannabis Exposures.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the process of identifying marijuana exposure in a children's hospital emergency department and compare the cost of diagnostic testing and procedures.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients 31 days to 20 years old with a positive marijuana toxicology screen result between November 2009 and December 2014. Primary outcomes included time to provider recognition of marijuana exposure, number of diagnostic tests and procedures performed, and length of hospital stay.

Cannabidiol: A New Hope for Patients With Dravet or Lennox-Gastaut Syndromes.

Objective: To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of pure, plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) in the treatment of Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS).

Data Sources: Relevant information was identified through EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to October 2018). Product labeling and https://www.

Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and While Breastfeeding.

The prevalence and perceived safety of marijuana use in pregnancy are increasing with expanding legalization. Marijuana crosses the placenta and passes into breast milk, resulting in fetal and neonatal exposure. Many women cite medical reasons for prenatal marijuana use such as nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, anxiety, and chronic pain.

Recommendations From Cannabis Dispensaries About First-Trimester Cannabis Use.

Objective: To characterize recommendations given to pregnant women by Colorado cannabis dispensaries regarding use of cannabis products for nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: This was a statewide cross-sectional study in which advice about cannabis product use was requested using a mystery caller approach. The caller stated she was 8 weeks pregnant and experiencing morning sickness.

Evaluation of reported contents in prescription and over-the-counter prenatal multivitamins.

Objectives: To evaluate the reported amount of 14 vitamins and 10 minerals in over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) prenatal multivitamins and minerals (PMVMs) and compare them with the Health and Medicine Division (HMD) of the National Academies recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and tolerable upper intake levels for intake.

Design: Observational convenience sample of supplemental facts labels on OTC and Rx PMVMs identified and evaluated from online retailers, grocery stores, and pharmacies.

Setting And Participants: Not applicable.

Cannabis Use During the Perinatal Period in a State With Legalized Recreational and Medical Marijuana: The Association Between Maternal Characteristics, Breastfeeding Patterns, and Neonatal Outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate state-level prevalence estimates of prenatal and early postnatal cannabis use in a state with legalized medical and recreational marijuana and the association with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 3,207 respondents from the 2014-2015 Colorado Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System with state-developed questions on cannabis use. Differences in perinatal cannabis use were evaluated according to maternal characteristics, breastfeeding patterns, and pregnancy intendedness.

Role of the community pharmacist in emergency contraception counseling and delivery in the United States: current trends and future prospects.

Women and couples continue to experience unintended pregnancies at high rates. In the US, 45% of all pregnancies are either mistimed or unwanted. Mishaps with contraceptives, such as condom breakage, missed pills, incorrect timing of patch or vaginal ring application, contraceptive nonuse, forced intercourse, and other circumstances, place women at risk of unintended pregnancy.

Encouraging comprehensive and consistent pharmacist education for provision of contraception.

Objectives: To initiate a call to action for community pharmacists and key stakeholders to encourage comprehensive and consistent education and certification for contraception services, especially in states where laws have been enacted for pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives.

Date Sources: Websites for several boards of pharmacy that have implemented pharmacist training for contraceptive prescribing.

Summary: From the authors' perspective of helping to implement laws that allow pharmacist prescribing of contraception in Oregon and Colorado, lessons learned have shown that it is better to have 1 consistent resource for pharmacist certification for the following reasons: 1) Boards of pharmacy are able to ensure patient safety because all pharmacists are providing the same level of care to every patient; 2) retail chain pharmacies and pharmacy managers are assured that all their pharmacists, regardless of state, are trained in a similar and appropriate manner; and 3) pharmacists can be reimbursed through medical insurance for the patient encounter because payers are able to identify and credential pharmacists who pass an approved and accredited certification program.

Comparison of faculty assessment and students' self-assessment of performance during clinical case discussions in a pharmacotherapy capstone course.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare faculty assessment and third year students' self-assessment of performance in clinical case discussions. The secondary objective was to evaluate if student characteristics influence self-assessments.

Methods: This retrospective analysis compared faculty and student self-assessment scores for two clinical case discussions using Spearman's correlation and Wilcoxon's signed ranks test.

A Pharmacotherapy Capstone Course to Target Student Learning and Programmatic Curricular Assessment.

To describe how a pharmacotherapy capstone course was used for student learning and programmatic curricular assessment. A pharmacotherapy capstone course was included in the University of Colorado curriculum for 13 years from 2002 through 2014. This 9-credit hour course was the last course prior to Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs).

Epilepsy during pregnancy: focus on management strategies.

In the US, more than one million women with epilepsy are of childbearing age and have over 20,000 babies each year. Patients with epilepsy who become pregnant are at risk of complications, including changes in seizure frequency, maternal morbidity and mortality, and congenital anomalies due to antiepileptic drug exposure. Appropriate management of epilepsy during pregnancy may involve frequent monitoring of antiepileptic drug serum concentrations, potential preconception switching of antiepileptic medications, making dose adjustments, minimizing peak drug concentration with more frequent dosing, and avoiding potentially teratogenic medications.

Marijuana Misadventures in Children: Exploration of a Dose-Response Relationship and Summary of Clinical Effects and Outcomes.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore a dose-response relationship of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in THC-naïve children after unintentional acute exposure and compare clinical outcomes with non-naïve children.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on children aged 31 days to 20 years who presented to Children's Hospital Colorado for care related to acute THC toxicity. The children were divided into groups based on exposure: group 1 (THC naïve) and group 2 (THC non-naïve).

Effects of Medical Marijuana on Migraine Headache Frequency in an Adult Population.

Study Objective: No clinical trials are currently available that demonstrate the effects of marijuana on patients with migraine headache; however, the potential effects of cannabinoids on serotonin in the central nervous system indicate that marijuana may be a therapeutic alternative. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the effects of medical marijuana on the monthly frequency of migraine headache.

Design: Retrospective chart review.