Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in Palaemon varians exposed to deep eutectic systems.

In recent years, there has been extensive research within the scientific community on deep eutectic systems due to their remarkable versatility in solubilizing diverse substances and serving as effective solvents in catalytic processes. While initially regarded as non-toxic, a comprehensive toxicological assessment is essential to comprehend their behavior within organisms. In this study, seven distinct systems, composed of N,N,N-triethyl-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ammonium chloride (N00Cl) and glycerol-derived ethers with alkyl chains of varying lengths (100, 200, 3F00, 300, 3i00, and 400), in a 1:2 molar ratio were investigated for their aquatic toxicity in shrimp (Palaemon varians).

Descriptive Analysis of Carrier and Affected Hereditary Fructose Intolerance in Women during Pregnancy.

(1) Background: Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from aldolase B deficiency, requiring a fructose, sorbitol and sucrose (FSS)-free diet. Limited information exists on the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and HFI. This study aims to analyze pregnancy-related factors in a cohort of thirty Spanish women, with twenty-three being carriers and seven being HFI-affected (45 pregnancies).

Advances in Cryopreservatives: Exploring Safer Alternatives.

Cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs is widely used in the biomedical and research world. There are different cryopreservatives that are used for this process; however, many of them, such as DMSO, are used despite the problems they present, mainly due to the toxicity it presents to certain types of samples. The aim of this Review is to highlight the different types of substances used in the cryopreservation process.

Deep Eutectic Solvents Formed by Glycerol and Xylitol, Fructose and Sorbitol: Effect of the Different Sugars in Their Physicochemical Properties.

The search for new eutectic solvents for different applications (extraction, drug formulation, chemical reactions, etc.) is booming thanks to their high solubility capacity and low toxicity. However, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of these mixtures to understand the molecular behavior at different experimental conditions.

Deep eutectic solvents based on sugars for oral applications.

Solubility is a critical parameter in drug formulation to achieve the desired therapeutical concentration. Most drugs are weak acids or bases and, therefore, exhibit low solubility and poor oral availability. The main aim of this work is the use of Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) for improving the solubility of drugs in aqueous medium.

Ecotoxicological study of glucose:choline chloride and sorbitol:choline chloride at different contents of water.

The search of new solvents is currently focused on deep eutectic solvents (DES). However, there are not many ecotoxicological studies in different biomodels of DES that allow knowing how these chemicals affect to the environment along the trophic chain. In this manuscript, two DES at different proportion of water have been prepared and characterized from the ecotoxicological point of view.

Ecotoxicity interspecies study of ionic liquids based on phosphonium and ammonium cations.

This work studies the effects of different bromide-based ionic liquids, with phosphonium and ammonium cations, towards several environmental biomodels: Daphnia magna, Allivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata. Results indicate that toxicity clearly depends on the biomodel, Allivibrio fischeri being the least sensitive one while Daphnia magna is more severely affected in the presence of the studied ionic liquids. In most of the cases, phosphonium moieties are less toxic than ammonium ionic liquids.

Ecotoxicity and biodegradability of pure and aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents: glyceline, ethaline, and reline.

Most of the works carried out on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) make reference to their physicochemical properties, and the analysis of their toxicological behavior on the environment and biodegradability are still limited. In this work, an exhaustive study on the ecotoxicity of three pure deep eutectic solvents (reline, glyceline, and ethaline) and their mixtures with water (reline-water, glyceline-water, and ethaline-water) was carried out in different biomodels: bacteria (A. fisheri), crustaceans (D.

Ecotoxicological study of six drugs in Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata.

The presence of drugs in the environment is an emerging issue in the scientific community. It has been shown that these substances are active chemicals that consequently affect aquatic organisms and, finally, humans as end users. To evaluate the toxicity of these compounds and how they affect the environment, it is important to perform systematic ecotoxicological and physicochemical studies.

QSAR study for predicting the ecotoxicity of NADES towards Aliivibrio fischeri. Exploring the use of mixing rules.

(Eco)toxicological information of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) is scarce, and thus, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models are an important tool for achieving the prediction of toxicity in this case. For that reason, in this manuscript, a new QSAR model for predicting the ecotoxicity of NADES towards the Aliivibrio fischeri biomodel, using mixing rules, is proposed. The main advantage of the method is that the individual components of the mixtures are molecularly modelled, and then, a mixing rule is used, which simplifies the process.

QSAR modelling for predicting the toxic effects of traditional and derived biomass solvents on a Danio rerio biomodel.

The increasing interest in the development of ecofriendly solvents has led to the synthesis of benign alternative chemicals with minimized environmental impacts. These kinds of chemicals are known as Green solvents. In this work, we selected three families of solvents (furfural, lactate and levulinate families) derived from biomass that are structurally related.

Acute and subacute effects of drugs in embryos of Danio rerio. QSAR grouping and modelling.

The final fate of many drugs is release into the natural aquatic environment. It is necessary to assess the toxicity caused by this situation and the associated concerns for human beings. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common biomodel used to assess toxicity in aquatic environments.

Exploring the usefulness of key green physicochemical properties: Quantitative structure-activity relationship for solvents from biomass.

In recent decades there has been a growing interest in the development of new solvents from biomass. Some of these new solvents have been classified as green because of their renewable and sustainable source. However, characterization from the ecotoxicological and physicochemical points of view is needed to categorize them as green solvents.

Ecotoxicity and QSAR studies of glycerol ethers in Daphnia magna.

Glycerol is currently considered a raw, renewable material, which can be used to synthesize new glycerol derivatives that may be used as green solvents. However, these compounds must be environmentally evaluated before their use. The acute ecotoxicity of a series of mono-, di-, and trialkyl ethers synthesized from glycerol for the crustacean Daphnia magna has been studied.

Pharmacogenetic studies: a tool to improve antidepressant therapy.

The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that major depressive disorder (MDD) will be the second leading cause of death and disability by 2020. Nowadays, approximately 60-70% of patients with this disorder have shown the lack of effectiveness and tolerability of the therapy with antidepressants. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) are including pharmacogenetic information in the labeling of several antidepressants.

Comparative ecotoxicology study of two neoteric solvents: Imidazolium ionic liquid vs. glycerol derivative.

In this study we have compared the acute ecotoxicity of two solvents, with very different structure and origin, but sharing many physical-chemical properties, so they can be used for similar purposes; a well-known ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]) and a solvent partially derived from biomass, 3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)propan-2-ol (BTFIP). We have used three biomodels (Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio) and performed the comparison applying the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) hazard assessment. According to the results, ecotoxicity of [BMIM][PF6] and BTFIP is quite similar in the simplest model Vibrio fischeri, while in Daphnia magna [BMIM][PF6] is clearly more toxic.

Ecotoxicity studies of the levulinate ester series.

The increasing interest in the development of novel green solvents has led to the synthesis of benign alternative products with minimized environmental impacts. However, most of published studies on green solvents focus primarily on their physicochemical properties, with limited emphasis on absence of ecotoxicological assessment. In this study, we evaluated the acute ecotoxicity of four levulinates (levulinic acid, methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate and butyl levulinate) on freshwater algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), daphnids (Daphnia magna) and earthworms (Eisenia foetida) using various dose-response tests.

Unsaturated iridium pyridinedicarboxylate pincer complexes with catalytic activity in borylation of arenes.

Unsaturated σ,π-cyclooctenyl and hydrido Ir(III) complexes bearing an unusual tridentate dianionic ONO pincer-type ligand have been straightforwardly obtained from 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and standard Ir(I) starting materials. These complexes efficiently catalyzed the arene C-H borylation under thermal conditions.