Long-term cognitive outcomes after surgery and anesthesia: what we find depends on where we look.

Purpose Of Review: To review how anecdote and narrative medicine, primary cohort studies, epidemiological studies, and the dementia literature can be bridged to understand long-term postoperative cognitive decline.

Recent Findings: Primary cohort studies have measured recoverable declines in memory and executive function after major surgery, but less-appreciated sources also offer critical insights. Anecdote reveals that functionally-impactful cognitive decline may persist after physical recovery in some patients despite modern medications and monitoring, and that physicians are unprepared to address patients' cognitive concerns.

Application of Zeolites and Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks in Dentistry-A Narrative Review.

Zeolites and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are crystalline aluminosilicates with porous structure, which are closely linked with nanomaterials. They are characterized by enhanced ion exchange capacity, physical-chemical stability, thermal stability and biocompatibility, making them a promising material for dental applications. This review aimed to provide an overview of the application of zeolites and ZIFs in dentistry.

ROR2 homodimerization is sufficient to activate a neuronal Wnt/calcium signaling pathway.

Wnt signaling plays a key role in the mature CNS by regulating trafficking of NMDA-type glutamate receptors and intrinsic properties of neurons. The Wnt receptor ROR2 has been identified as a necessary component of the neuronal Wnt5a/Ca signaling pathway that regulates synaptic and neuronal function. Since ROR2 is considered a pseudokinase, its mechanism for downstream signaling upon ligand binding has been controversial.

'It was a great brain, and I miss it': lay perspectives on postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a concern after anaesthesia and surgery, but preoperative discussion of neurocognitive risks with older patients rarely occurs. Anecdotal experiences of POCD are common in the popular media and may inform patient perspectives. However, the degree of alignment between lay and scientific perspectives on POCD is not known.

Developmental neuronal origin regulates neocortical map formation.

Sensory neurons in the neocortex exhibit distinct functional selectivity to constitute the neural map. While neocortical map of the visual cortex in higher mammals is clustered, it displays a striking "salt-and-pepper" pattern in rodents. However, little is known about the origin and basis of the interspersed neocortical map.

The practice of genomic medicine: A delineation of the process and its governing principles.

Genomic medicine, an emerging medical discipline, applies the principles of evolution, developmental biology, functional genomics, and structural genomics within clinical care. Enabling widespread adoption and integration of genomic medicine into clinical practice is key to achieving precision medicine. We delineate a biological framework defining diagnostic utility of genomic testing and map the process of genomic medicine to inform integration into clinical practice.

The CaT stretcher: An open-source system for delivering uniaxial strain to cells and tissues (CaT).

Integration of mechanical cues in conventional 2D or 3D cell culture platforms is an important consideration for and models of lung health and disease. Available commercial and published custom-made devices are frequently limited in breadth of applications, scalability, and customization. Herein we present a technical report on an open-source, cell and tissue (CaT) stretcher, with modularity for different and systems, that includes the following features: 1) Programmability for modeling different breathing patterns, 2) scalability to support low to high-throughput experimentation, and 3) modularity for submerged cell culture, organ-on-chips, hydrogels, and live tissues.

High-Frequency Oscillations in the Pallidum: A Pathophysiological Biomarker in Parkinson's Disease?

Background: Abnormal oscillatory neural activity in the beta-frequency band (13-35 Hz) is thought to play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, increasing evidence points to alterations in high-frequency ranges (>100 Hz) also having pathophysiological relevance.

Objectives: Studies have found that power in subthalamic nucleus (STN) high-frequency oscillations is increased with dopaminergic medication and during voluntary movements, implicating these brain rhythms in normal basal ganglia function. The objective of this study was to investigate whether similar signaling occurs in the internal globus pallidus (GPi), a nucleus increasingly used as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for PD.

Differential importance of nucleus accumbens Ox1Rs and AMPARs for female and male mouse binge alcohol drinking.

Alcohol use disorder exhausts substantial social and economic costs, with recent dramatic increases in female problem drinking. Thus, it is critically important to understand signaling differences underlying alcohol consumption across the sexes. Orexin-1 receptors (Ox1Rs) can strongly promote motivated behavior, and we previously identified Ox1Rs within nucleus accumbens shell (shell) as crucial for driving binge intake in higher-drinking male mice.

Prolonged central circulation transit time in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF by magnetic resonance imaging.

Aims: Prolonged central circulation transit time (TT) has long been associated with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In this study, we assessed the central circulation TT using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with HF of preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and of reduced EF (HFrEF) and investigated its relation to haemodynamics.

Methods And Results: Fifty eight prospectively recruited volunteers underwent CMR.

Development of a neuroscience research registry.

There is little data on the long-term health outcomes of patients with neurological conditions treated at long-term acute care specialty hospitals. In order to learn more about these patients and the most effective way to care for them, Bethesda Hospital in St. Paul created a neuroscience research registry.

Relationship of phasic left atrial volume and emptying function to left ventricular filling pressure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.

Background: Left atrial volume (LAV) and emptying fraction (LAEF) are phasic during cardiac cycle. Their relationships to left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) have not been fully defined.

Methods: Forty one patients undergoing clinically indicated left heart catheterization were recruited for same day cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).