Delay in Treatment After Cancer Diagnosis in Adolescents and Young Adults: Does Facility Transfer Matter?

Timeliness is one of the fundamental yet understudied quality metrics of cancer care. Little is known about cancer treatment delay among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients. This study assessed cancer treatment delay, with a specific focus on facility transfer and diagnosis/treatment interval.

Telehealth Coaching: Impact on Dietary and Physical Activity Contributions to Bone Health During a Military Deployment.

Purpose: To examine the difference in bone health and body composition via blood biomarkers, bone mineral density, anthropometrics and dietary intake following deployment to Afghanistan among soldiers randomized to receive telehealth coaching promoting nutrition and exercise.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, cluster-randomized, controlled trial with repeated measures in 234 soldiers. Measures included heel bone scan for bone mineral density, blood biomarkers for bone formation, resorption, and turnover, body composition via Futrex, resting metabolic rate via MedGem, physical activity using the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, and dietary intake obtained from the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Thiamin in Clinical Practice.

Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin also known as vitamin B1. Its biologically active form, thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), is a cofactor in macronutrient metabolism. In addition to its coenzyme roles, TPP plays a role in nerve structure and function as well as brain metabolism.

A case of refeeding syndrome in a marine recruit.

Refeeding syndrome is an under-recognized complication of starvation. Presented is a 26-year-old Marine recruit who was found to have hypothermia, mental status changes, and rhabdomyolysis after purposeful weight loss with calorie restriction in conjunction with an arduous exercise program. With rest and food, the patient developed refeeding syndrome, with hypophosphatemia requiring prolonged intravenous replacement.

Aerobic exercise improves cognition for older adults with glucose intolerance, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

Impaired glucose regulation is a defining characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathology and has been linked to increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the benefits of aerobic exercise for physical health are well-documented, exercise effects on cognition have not been examined for older adults with poor glucose regulation associated with prediabetes and early T2DM. Using a randomized controlled design, twenty-eight adults (57-83 y old) meeting 2-h tolerance test criteria for glucose intolerance completed 6 months of aerobic exercise or stretching, which served as the control.

Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response.

Design: Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Setting: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit.

Modifications to the Healthy Eating Index and its ability to predict obesity: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality developed based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).

Objective: The objective was to assess the diet quality of a multi-ethnic population using and comparing the 2 HEIs, the updated HEI (HEI-05) based on the 2005 DGA and the original 1990 HEI (HEI-90), with the objective of predicting obesity outcomes.

Design: A longitudinal analysis of survey and clinical data from 6236 middle-aged and elderly white, African American, Hispanic, and Chinese participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was conducted.

A practical method for collecting 3-day food records in a large cohort.

Background: Recent studies suggest that diet records are more valid measures of nutrient intake than are food-frequency questionnaires. However, food records are considered unsuitable for large studies due to the need to train participants and to review and correct completed records.

Methods: We evaluated a self-administered 3-day food record protocol in Washington State.

Effects of exercise on metabolic risk variables in overweight postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: This study examined the effects of exercise on metabolic risk variables insulin, leptin, glucose, and triglycerides in overweight/obese postmenopausal women.

Research Methods And Procedures: Sedentary women (n = 173) who were overweight or obese (BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2) or > or =24 kg/m(2) with > or =33% body fat), 50 to 75 years of age, were randomized to 12 months of exercise (> or =45 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 d/wk) or to a stretching control group. Body composition (DXA) and visceral adiposity (computed tomography) were measured at baseline and 12 months.

A comprehensive examination of health conditions associated with obesity in older adults.

Background: Over 70% of older adults in the United States are overweight or obese. To examine the overall health burden of obesity in older adults, the Vitamins and Lifestyle cohort study of western Washington State recruited 73,003 adults aged 50 to 76 who completed a self-administered questionnaire on current height and weight, medical history, and risk factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of body mass index (BMI) and health conditions was performed using data collected in 2000 to 2002.

Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding.

Participants in the sport of bodybuilding are judged by appearance rather than performance. In this respect, increased muscle size and definition are critical elements of success. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature and provide recommendations regarding macronutrient intake during both 'off-season' and 'pre-contest' phases.

The effects of a pre-exercise feeding with or without fungal carbohydrases (Carbogen) on blood parameters and exercise performance in elite cyclists: a preliminary study.

The effect of fungal carbohydrases (Carbogen[C]) consumed with a meal replacement bar (MBR) on glucose metabolism and exercise performance was determined in 5 male competitive cyclists. After a 12-hour fast, subjects performed two 60-min cycling bouts at 80% VO2max followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TE) ride at 100% VO2max. One hour prior to each cycling bout, subjects ingested a MRB + 160-mg C or 160-mg CaCO3 placebo (PL) in a double-blind, counterbalanced fashion.