Management of acute anemia in a Jehovah's Witness patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with polymerized bovine hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Management of severe symptomatic anemia is exceptionally challenging when blood transfusions cannot be administered. Use of hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers as "bridging treatment" can be an option.

Case Report: This is a report of a 36-year-old Jehovah's Witness diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed severe symptomatic anemia (Hb as low as 3.