Self-reported awareness of the legal status of eight responsibilities of dog owners in Ireland: are dog owners different from non-dog owners?

Background: Legislation pertaining to canine ownership in Ireland maintains a one-health perspective by establishing a minimum standard of care for dogs while safeguarding human health and wellbeing. However, public awareness of this legislation has not been measured. The goals of this study were first, to estimate and compare the level of awareness, among dog owners and non-dog owners, that eight responsibilities of dog owners are prescribed by law in Ireland.

The struggle to equilibrate outer and inner milieus: Renal evolution revisited.

The journey of life, from primordial protoplasm to a complex vertebrate form, is a tale of survival against incessant alterations in climate, surface topography, food chain, and chemistry of the external environment. Kidneys present with an ensemble embodiment of the adaptations devised by diverse life-forms to cope with such challenges and maintain a chemical equilibrium of water and solutes, both in and outside the body. This minireview revisits renal evolution utilizing the classic: From Fish to Philosopher; the story of our internal environment, by Prof.