Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus require distinct neuronal subsets for thermogenesis and weight loss.

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) receives inputs from the preoptic area (POA), where ambient temperature mediates physiological adaptations of energy expenditure and food intake. Warm-activated POA neurons suppress energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue (BAT) projecting neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/dorsal hypothalamic area (dDMH/DHA). Our earlier work identified leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing, BAT-projecting dDMH/DHA neurons that mediate metabolic leptin effects.

Evolutionary trajectories of small cell lung cancer under therapy.

The evolutionary processes that underlie the marked sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to chemotherapy and rapid relapse are unknown. Here we determined tumour phylogenies at diagnosis and throughout chemotherapy and immunotherapy by multiregion sequencing of 160 tumours from 65 patients. Treatment-naive SCLC exhibited clonal homogeneity at distinct tumour sites, whereas first-line platinum-based chemotherapy led to a burst in genomic intratumour heterogeneity and spatial clonal diversity.

Interprofessional collaboration and patient-reported outcomes: a secondary data analysis based on large scale survey data.

Background: While interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is widely considered a key element of comprehensive patient treatment, evidence focusing on its impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between employee-rated IPC and PROs in a clinical inpatient setting.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the entire patient and employee reported data collected by the Picker Institute Germany in cross-sectional surveys between 2003 and 2016.

Interprofessional collaboration and patient-reported outcomes in inpatient care: a systematic review.

Background: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is seen as the "gold standard" of comprehensive care, but credible evidence concerning the effects on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to study the effect of IPC on PRO in inpatient care.

Methods: We systematically searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science/Social Science Citation Index, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), Current Contents (LIVIVO), CINAHL, and Embase) for studies published between 1997 and 2021.

Music Listening as a Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) Nursing Intervention for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Patients: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Randomized comparative mixed method approach with qualitative inquiry study's aim sought to determine if there was a difference in pre/post-intervention State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores and postanesthesia pain scores between two music listening groups of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients.

Design: Prospective randomized comparative mixed method approach with a qualitative inquiry.

Methods: Sample size of 77 male participants assigned by a table of random numbers to Spotify patient-preferred music selection Group I (n = 37) or minimalist hypnotic music with guided relaxation breathing (MHMGRB) instructional narrative Group II (n = 40).

Pressure Injury Prevention for Complex Cardiovascular Patients in the Operating Room and Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project.

Purpose: The purpose of our project was to examine the effect of an alternating pressure (AP) overlay on hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) in high-risk cardiovascular surgical patients.

Participants And Setting: This quality improvement (QI) initiative was conducted in a core group of 8 cardiovascular operating room (OR) suites and 1 cardiovascular surgical critical intensive care unit (ICU) in a large Indiana-based academic hospital. The sample comprised adult patients who underwent complex cardiovascular surgical procedures and those in the cardiovascular surgical ICU with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), ventricular assistive device (VAD), and undergoing heart and/or lung transplant, or open chest procedures.

[GRADE guidelines 20: Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences - inconsistency, imprecision, and other domains].

Objective: To provide Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidance for assessing inconsistency, imprecision, and other domains for the certainty of evidence about the relative importance of outcomes.

Study Design And Setting: We applied the GRADE domains to rate the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes to several systematic reviews, iteratively reviewed draft guidance, and consulted GRADE members and other stakeholders for feedback.

Results: We describe the rationale for considering the remaining GRADE domains when rating the certainty in a body of evidence for the relative importance of outcomes.

Mechanochemical control of epidermal stem cell divisions by B-plexins.

The precise spatiotemporal control of cell proliferation is key to the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues. Epithelial cell divisions lead to tissue crowding and local changes in force distribution, which in turn suppress the rate of cell divisions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this mechanical feedback are largely unclear.

[GRADE Guidelines: 19. Assessing the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes or values and preferences: Risk of bias and indirectness].

Objectives: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) working group defines patient values and preferences as the relative importance patients place on the main health outcomes. We provide GRADE guidance for assessing the risk of bias and indirectness domains for certainty of evidence about the relative importance of outcomes.

Study Design And Setting: We applied the GRADE domains to rate the certainty of evidence in the importance of outcomes to several systematic reviews, iteratively reviewed draft guidance and consulted GRADE members and other stakeholders for feedback.

[GRADE: Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks - a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 2: Clinical guidelines].

Clinical guidelines are based on the best available evidence and produced systematically. In this context, the transparent presentation of the decision-making process from evidence to recommendation is indispensable. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks for clinical practice recommendations enables guideline panels to structure their approach and make it comprehensible.

International comparison of minimum volume standards for hospitals.

Introduction: Minimum volume standards have been implemented in various countries for quality or safety policies. We present minimum volume standards in an international comparison, focusing on regulatory approaches, selected sets of procedures and thresholds as well as predetermined consequences of non-compliance.

Materials And Methods: We combined a comprehensive literature search in electronic databases in March 2016 with a hand-search of governmental and related organisations' webpages.

Interprofessional collaboration and patient-reported outcomes in inpatient care: protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is a core demand of policymakers, funding parties, and health care professionals in practice. Although the causal mechanism from increased IPC to improved patient outcomes seems to be intuitive, there is a lack of credible causal evidence concerning the effects not only on the objective but also on the subjective patient outcomes. The aim of the planned systematic review is to focus on the effect of IPC on patient-reported outcomes and experiences in inpatient care.

Adaption and Validation of the Picker Employee Questionnaire With Hospital Midwives.

Objective: To describe the adaption and psychometric testing of the Picker Employee Questionnaire to measure work environment, work experience, and employee engagement with midwives.

Design: Expert interviews, cognitive testing, and online survey for data collection.

Setting: Obstetric departments in Germany.

Diversifying selection and color-biased dispersal in the asp viper.

Background: The presence of intraspecific color polymorphism can have multiple impacts on the ecology of a species; as a consequence, particular color morphs may be strongly selected for in a given habitat type. For example, the asp viper (Vipera aspis) shows a high level of color polymorphism. A blotched morph (cryptic) is common throughout its range (central and western Europe), while a melanistic morph is frequently found in montane populations, presumably for thermoregulatory reasons.

Low-level signaling generated by FcgammaRIIB-B cell receptor co-ligation establishes a state of global B cell receptor nonresponsiveness.

In addition to the stimulatory, antigen-specific B cell receptor (BCR), B lymphocytes also express multiple inhibitory receptors, including Fc gamma receptor type IIB (FcgammaRIIB). Moreover, many laboratories have demonstrated that co-ligation of BCR molecules to inhibitory FcgammaRIIB molecules with high concentrations (10-15 microg/ml) of ligand results in altered BCR signaling. However, there are no reports on the effect of low concentrations of ligand on BCR-FcgammaRIIB co-ligation and subsequent signaling.