Monitoring the Sialome on Human Immune Cells.

The sialome or display of sialic acids on the surface of human immune cells can vary according to immune response and activation state. Here, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and activated with anti-CD3 antibody and the cell surface sialome was quantified using a combination of click chemistry, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Carbohydrate click chemistry was used to detect and measure the incorporation of an azido-m65odified sialic acid precursor molecule, N-acetylmannosamine (ManNaz) sugar into the PBMC surface sialome.

Osteoarthritis-associated basic calcium phosphate crystals induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecules via activation of Syk and PI3 kinase.

The pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, IL-1 and IL-18, amplify cartilage destruction associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Current data suggest that basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are potent drivers of inflammatory mediator and matrix metalloprotease expression in the OA joint. It has previously been demonstrated that synovial macrophages play a role in initiating and driving BCP-induced inflammation.